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fJekJh^1L ftfdne y'i
fe; gqeko ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?, T[; d/ gq:'r B{z fe; soQK finkdk gqGktPkbh pDkfJnk ik B'N
;edk j?. fJ; fdqPNhe'D s'A f;Zfynk^y'I dk ftP/P wjZst j?, feT[Afe T[; d/ d[nkok jh
T[go'es ;wZf;nktK dk ;wkXkB ;zGt j' ;edk j?.
;wkfie^nkofEe go;fEshnK f;Zfynk d/ gq;ko, T[; dh r[DtZsk, T[; d/ BshfinK ns/ T[; dh
gqfefonk B{z gqGkfts eodhnK jB. fJ; gqeko fJBQK d/ ;pzX ftZu f;Zfynk dh gqfefonk ns/
T[; dh ftt;Ek dk nfXnB ehsk ikDk th pj[s io{oh j?. fJ; gqeko dhnK go;fEshnK fe;
soQK f;Zfynk B{z gqGkfts eodhnK jB, fJj y'i d[nkok jh fBoXkfos ehsk ik ;edk j?. fJ;
gqeko fJ; fdqPNhe'D Bkb f;Zfynk^y'i dk ngDk wjZst j?.
ftfdnkEhnK d/ ftnefsZst dhnK ftP/PsktK th f;Zfynk dh gqfefonk B{z gqGkfts eodhnK jB.
eJh nfijhnK ftP/PsktK d/ gqGkt dk nfXnB ehsk frnk j?, gozs{ Bshik n;zfdrX ns/ fJZe'
fij/ gqkgs BjhA j'J/ jB. e[ZM ftP/PsktK dk nfXnB sk BKj d/ pokpo jh j?. fJ; gqeko fJ;
y/so ftZu th y'i dh pj[s io{os j?. fJBQK nfXnBK B{z finkdk ;[;zrfms ns/ t?X ftXhnK
d[nkok ;zgzB ehs/ ikD dh io{os j?.
fgSb/ e[ZM ;kbK ftZu pj[s ;kohnK BthnK^BthnK f;ybkJh^ftXhnK dk fBowkD ehsk frnk j?.
fJBQK dh T[g:'rsk ns/ gqGktesk dk v[zx/ ;so s/ nfXnB eoB dh io{os j?. Bkb jh j'o th
ftP/P ftXhnK dh y'i ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?. fJ; y/so ftZu y'i wjZstg{oD G{fwek fBGk
;edk j?. jo ;kb ftZu pj[s ;ko/ f;ybkJh^gqshwkBK (models to teaching) dk fBowkD ehsk
frnk j? gozs{, fJBQK dk io{oh gqhyD BjhA j' gkfJnk j?. f;Zfynk^y'i d[nkok fJBQK d/ gqhyD dh
io{os j?. fJ; soQK ekoieowpZX f;Zfynk (programmed learning), ;[yw^f;ybkJh
(micro-teaching), f;w[b/fNe f;ybkJh dh T[g:'rsk dk nfXnB th io{oh j?.
T[dkjoD nfXnkge nkgD/ nkg f;Zfynk dh gqfefonk dk fJZe wjZstg{oD xNe j?.
nfXnkge ftnefsZst dhnK ftP/PsktK, T[; d/ frnkB, T[; d/ fttjko dk ftfdnkoEhnK d/
ftek; s/ pj[s v[zxk gqGkt g?Adk j?, gozs{ fJj fejVhnK ftP/PsktK jB, fet/A nkgDk gqGkt
gkT[AdhnK jB, fe; soQK dk gqGkt gkT[AdhnK jB nkfd nfij/ gqPB jB, i' j[D sZe nDT[Zsoh
jB. f;Zfynk^y'i d[nkok fJBQK d/ fBPfus T[Zso gqkgs eoBk io{oh j?. fJ; fdqPNhe'D Bkb
f;Zfynk ftZu y'i dh pj[s io{os bZrdh j?.
jo/e ftnesh nkgD/ gfot/P dhnK go;fEshnK s'A gqGkfts j[zdk j?. ftfdnkoEh fBozso
rqfj^gfot/P ns/ ftfdnkb/ gfot/P d/ ftZu ftuodk j?. rqfj^gfot/P ns/ ftfdnkb/^gfot/P B{z
fejVhnK go;fEshnK ns/ ftP/PsktK, T; d/ f;Zfynk ns/ ftek; B{z fe; soQK gqGkfts eodhnK
jB, f;Zfynk^y'i d[nkok fJ; dk fBoXkoD pj[s wjZstg{oD j?. fJ; y/so ftZu f;Zfynk^y'i
dh pj[s io{oh j?.
f;Zfynk dh gqfefonk d/ dkfJo/ s'A jNe/ j'o ;zdoGK ftZu th f;Zfynk^y'i dh pj[s finkdk
io{os gqshs j[zdh j?. f;Zfynk^szso nkswfBoGo ns/ ;[szso BjhA j?, T; dh ftt;Ek ns/
rshftXhnK s/ ;wki d/ eJh d{i/ szsoK (systems) dk gqGkt g?Adk j?. okifBsh,
;wkfie^ftt;Ek, noEftt;Ek, seBheh ftek;, Xow, iks nkfd eJh sZs f;Zfynk B{z gqGkfts
eod/ jB. f;Zfynk ns/ fJBQK ;kfonK d/ ftZu fBozso nzsofefonk j[zdh ofjzdh j?. fJ; soQK
fJj ikDBk th io{oh j? fe fJj ;G fe; soQK fe;h d/P dh f;Zfynk ftt;Ek B{z gqGkfts eod/
jB. f;Zfynk th fJBQK szsoK B{z gqGkfts eodh j?. fJ; gqeko fJj ikDBk th wjZstg{oD j?
fe f;Zfynk fJBQK B{z feZE/ sZe ns/ fe; gqeko gqGkfts eodh j?. fJ; y/so ftZu th
f;Zfynk^y'i dh io{os j?. fJ; fdqPNhe'D Bkb th f;Zfynk^y'i dk ftP/P wjZst j?.
fJfsjkf;e fdqPNhe'D s'A th f;Zfynk dk nfXnB ehsk ikDk wjZstg{oD j?. fJj wB[Zyh
fifrnk;k ns/ T[; dh o[uh dk ftPk j?. ftfGzB ekbK ftZu f;Zfynk dk ;o{g eh fojk j?, feBQK
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