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bdkbZμ1% izkphu dky osQ nkSjku Hkkjr esa f'k{kk% oSfnd vkSj ckS¼dkyhu f'k{kk

esa ladh.kZrk O;kIr gks x;h FkhA tkfr osQ vuqlkj gh O;fDr dk o.kZ fuèkkZj.k gksrk FkkA o.kZ osQ vkèkkj ij uksV
mlosQ dk;Z dk fuèkkZj.k gksrk Fkk rFkk mlh osQ vuqlkj mldh izfr"Bk gksrh FkhA bl dky esa pkjks o.kks±
esa czkã.k dks mPp le>k tkrk Fkk ,oa mlosQ vfèkdkj Hkh vfèkd FksA {kf=k; oxZ dks jktlÙkk dk vfèkdkj
fn;k x;kA oS';ksa dks O;olk; dk;ks± dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;kA bl dky esa oS';ksa osQ lkekftd Lrj esa oqQN
vUrj gqvkA mUgsa oqQN O;kolkf;d dk;ks±] tSlsμgyokbZ] yqgkj] c<+bZ vkfn dk;ks± dks viukuk iM+kA o.kZ
O;oLFkk osQ vUrxZr 'kwnzksa dks lokZfèkd gkfu gqbZA mUgsa vNwr le>k x;kA èkk£ed rFkk f'k{kk laLFkkvksa esa
mudk izos'k o£tr dj fn;k x;kA vkèkqfud dky esa tkfr ,oa o.kZ dks v'kksHkuh; n`f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gSA

miu;u laLdkj dh vk;q] czkã.k] {kf=k; o oS'; osQ fy;s Øe'k% 8] 11] o 12 o"kZ FkhA miu;u laLdkj
osQ i'pkr~ f'k{kk izkjEHk dh tkrh FkhA blesa f'k{kkFkhZ dks czãp;Z dk ozr fnyk;k tkrk FkkA

izkphu Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of Ancient Indian Education)

izkphu Hkkjrh; lH;rkvksa esa oSfnd lH;rk dks loZizFke LFkku izkIr gqvk gSA bl lH;rk osQ fuekZrk vk;Z FksA
vk;ks± osQ }kjk ftl f'k{kk iz.kkyh dk fodkl fd;k x;k] mlosQ lEcUèk esa osnksa ls i;kZIr tkudkjh izkIr gksrh
gSA izkphu Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ewy :i ls vkè;kfRed rRoksa ij gh vkèkkfjr gSA blosQ vfrfjDr vkSj Hkh vusd ,sls
i{k gSa tks bl f'k{kk iz.kkyh dks vf}rh; cukus esa lgk;d gq, gSasaA MkW- vYrsdj osQ vuqlkjμ¶oSfnd ;qx ls
ysdj vc rd f'k{kk dk izdk'k osQ Ïksr ls vfHkizk; jgk gS vkSj ;g thou osQ fofoèk {ks=kksa esa gekjk ekxZ
vkyksfdr djrk gSA¸
f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa vk;ks± us ftu 'kSf{kd mís';ksa vkSj vkn'kks± dks fuèkkZfjr fd;k gS] ftl f'k{kk iz.kkyh dh [kkst dh
og gtkjksa o"kks± osQ mijkUr Hkh vkt osQ ;qx esa vius fdlh u fdlh :i esa fo|eku gSA vk;ks± }kjk fodflr bl
mRÑ"V f'k{kk iz.kkyh dh vkSj Hkh vusd fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA bu leLr fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k fuEu izdkj gSA
(1) miu;u laLdkjμoSfnd dkyhu f'k{kk dh loZizFke fo'ks"krk Fkhμmiu;u laLdkjA ;g oSfnd f'k{kk dk
lokZfèkd egRoiw.kZ laLdkj FkkA oSfnd dky esa ckyd osQ fo|kè;;u dk vkSipkfjd izkjEHk bl laLdkj osQ }kjk
gksrk FkkA miu;u dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS ikl ys tkukA vr% ckyd dks f'k{kk osQ fy;s xq# osQ ikl ys tkuk gh
miu;u laLdkj dgykrk FkkA bl laLdkj osQ vUrxZr ckyd loZizFke xq# osQ n'kZu djrk Fkk ,oa rkRdkfyd
xq#tu ckyd dh ;ksX;rkvksa vkSj ln~xq.kksa dks ij[krs Fks vkSj viuk fu.kZ; nsrs FksA muosQ }kjk ckyd dks f'k{kk
dk vfèkdkjh ?kksf"kr fd;s tkus ij gh nh{kk dk vk;kstu gksrk FkkA okLro esa miu;u laLdkj osQ mijkUr gh
ckyd czãp;Z vkJe esa izos'k djrk Fkk rFkk czãpkjh dgykrk FkkA miu;u ckyd dk nwljk tUe ekuk tkrk
FkkA ml le; ekuk tkrk Fkk fd ekrk&firk ckyd osQ 'kjhj dks tUe nsrs gSa ftls ek=k 'kkjhfjd tUe Lohdkj
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
xq# osQ ;gk¡ miu;u osQ }kjk nhf{kr gksus ij mldk vkè;kfRed thou izkjEHk gksrk gS rFkk bl nkSjku ckyd
dh vkRek rFkk efLr"d fodflr gksrk gSA blfy;s miu;u osQ laLdkj dks nwljk tUe vFkok vkè;kfRed tUe
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA czkã.k] {kf=k; rFkk oS'; o.kks± osQ ckydksa osQ fy;s miu;u laLdkj vko';d FkkA bu rhuksa
o.kks± dks f}t dgrs FksA f}t dk vFkZ gSμnks ckj tUe ysus okykA miu;u laLdkj u djkus okys ckydksa dks
ghu n`f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gS rFkk mudk lkekftd cfg"dkj fd;k tkrk FkkA Li"V gS fd oSfnd ;qx esa f'k{kk
vfuok;Z rFkk lkoZHkkSfed FkhA
(2) fo|kjEHk laLdkjμckyd dk miu;u laLdkj gks tkus ij] xq#oqQy esa izos'k izkIr djrk FkkA izos'k osQ
mijkUr ftl fnu ckyd dh f'k{kk dk vkjEHk gksrk Fkk ml fnu mldk fo|kjEHk laLdkj fd;k tkrk FkkA oSfnd

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