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bdkbZμ3% fczfV'kdkyhu Hkkjrh; f'k{kk
4- vk;ksx us izsf”kMsalh uxjksa (cEcbZ] dydÙkk vkSj enzkl) osQ vfrfjDr vU; lHkh LFkkuksa ij efgyk uksV
f'k{kk osQ i;kZIr izcU/ u gksus ij [ksn izdV fd;k vkSj c<+kok nsus dks dgkA
bl vk;ksx osQ lq>koksa osQ i'pkr vkus okys 20 o"kks± esa ekè;fed vkSj dkWyst f'k{kk dk vHkwriwoZ foLrkj gqvkA
bl {ks=k esa nkuh yksxksa dk fo'ks"k lg;ksx FkkA Hkkjr osQ lHkh Hkkxksa esa lkEiznkf;d laLFkk,¡ Hkh cuus yxhaA
ik'pkR; Kku osQ vfrfjDr Hkkjrh; rFkk izkP; Hkk"kkvksa osQ iBuikBu esa Hkh fo'ks"k #fp ns[kus dks feyhA blosQ
vfrfjDr vè;kiu rFkk ijh{kk osQ fy, fo'ofo|ky; Hkh cuus yxsA 1882 esa iatkc vkSj 1887 esa bykgckn
fo'ofo|ky; LFkkfir fd;s x;sA
chloha 'krkCnh osQ vkjfEHkd o"kZ Hkkjr esa c<+rh gqbZ jktuSfrd O;xzrk vkSj f'k{kk {ks=kksa esa okn&fookn osQ o"kZ
FksA f'k{kk laLFkkvksa esa jktuSfrd cspSuh dh izfØ;k vkSj izfrfØ;k gqbZ vkSj ljdkj dk ;g fopkj Fkk fd futh
izcU/ osQ vèkhu laLFkkvksa esa Lrj fxjs gSa vkSj ;gka cgqr vf/d vuq'kklughurk gS vkSj ;s laLFkk,¡ jktuSfrd
ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks mRiUu djus osQ fy;s dkj[kkus ek=k cu xbZ gSaA jk"Vªokfn;ksa us ;g rks Lohdkj fd;k fd Lrj
fxj x, gSa ijUrq bl rF; dh vksj è;ku vkd£"kr fd;k fd ljdkj fuj{krk dks nwj djus dk Hkjld iz;Ru
ugha dj jgh gSA
d”kZu us vius iz'kklu dks lq/kjus osQ LokHkkfod tks'k esa Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dks Hkh lq/kjus dk iz;Ru fd;kA mlus
eSdkys dh uhfr dh vkykspuk dh vkSj dgk fd mlesa ns'kh Hkk"kkvksa osQ fo#¼ i{kikr FkkA mlus ghu Lrj osQ
vè;kid oxZ vkSj ijh{kkvksa ij cy nsus okyh f'k{kk i¼fr dh Hkh dVq vkykspuk dhA ijUrq mlosQ eq[; mís';
jktuSfrd Fks vkSj osQoy vkaf'kd :i ls 'kSf{kdA mlus fo'ofo|ky;ksa ij ljdkjh fu;a=k.k c<+k;k vkSj mls xq.k
vkSj n{krk osQ uke ij mfpr Bgjk;kA jk"Vªokfn;ksa us bls lkezkT;okn dks n`<+ djus vkSj jk"Vªh;rk dh Hkkouk osQ
fodkl dks lekIr djus dk iz;Ru dgkA
bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; dc LFkkfir fd;k x;k\
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
1- lgh fodYi dk p;u dhft;s (Choose the correct option)μ
1. fczfV'k dky esa xq#&f'k"; lEcU/ Fksμ
(a) ek=k vkSipkfjd (b) Lusgiw.kZ (c) ?kfu"B (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2. fczfV'kdky esa Nk=kksa osQ 'kSf{kd fodkl dk ekiu gksrk Fkkμ
(a) ekSf[kd ijh{kk osQ }kjk (b) fyf[kr ijh{kk osQ }kjk
(c) fØ;kRed ijh{kk osQ }kjk (d) mi;qZDr lHkh ijh{kkvksa osQ }kjk
3. fczfV'kdky esa fdl 'kSf{kd ;kstuk us Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dks lokZf/d izHkkfor fd;k\
(a) xks[kys dk f'k{kk lEcU/h izLrko (b) eSdkys dk fooj.k i=k
(c) oèkkZ ;kstuk (d) oqM dk ?kks"k.k i=k
4. eSdkys us viuk izfrosnu izLrqr fd;kμ
(a) 1831 bZ- esa (b) 1834 bZ- esa (c) 1835 bZ- esa (d) 1836 bZ- esa
5. oqM dk ?kks"k.kk&i=k izLrqr fd;k x;kμ
(a) lu~ 1856 esa (b) lu~ 1854 esa (c) lu~ 1858 esa (d) lu~ 1860 esa
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