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Educational Management

Notes 16.2.3 Promotion of Education among the STs in Accordance with the
Provisions of the NPE and Programme of Action (1986 and 1992)
The following measures are being taken urgently to bring the Scheduled Tribes at par with others:
(i) Priority is accorded to opening primary schools in tribal areas. The construction of school
buildings will be undertaken in these areas on a priority basis under the normal funds for
education, as well as under the Jawahar Rozgar Yojna, Tribal Welfare Schemes, etc.
(ii) The socio-cultural milieu of the ST has its distinctive characteristics including, in may cases,
their own spoken languages. This underlines the need to develop the curricula and devise
institutional materials in tribal languages at the initial stages, with arrangements for switching
over to the regional languages.
(iii) Educated and promising Scheduled Tribe youths are encouraged and trained to take up teaching
in tribal areas.
(iv) Residential schools, including Ashram Schools have been established on a large scale.
(v) Incentive schemes have been formulated for the Scheduled Tribes, keeping in view their special
needs and life styles. Scholarships for higher education will emphasis technical, professional
and para-professional courses. Special remedial courses and other programmes to remove
psycho-social impediments are provided to improve their performance in various courses.
(vi) Anganwadis, Non-formal and Adult Education Centres are being opened on a priority basis in
areas predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribes.
(vii) The curriculum at all states of education has been gradually designed to create an awareness of
the rich cultural identity of the tribal people as also of their enormous creative talent.
16.2.4 Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and their Education

Constitutional Provisions
1. Article 15(4) of the Constitution : It enjoins upon the state the creation of special provisions for
the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
2. Article 16(4) : It enables the State for making provisions for the reservation of appointments or
posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which in the opinion of the state is not adequately
represented in the services under the state.
3. Article 38 : It makes it obligatory for the State to “strive to promote the welfare of the people by
securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order, in which Justice; Social, Economic
and Political shall inform all the institutions of the National Life”.
4. Article 46 : It contains a very significant directive regarding promotion of educational and
economic interests of other weaker sections and protecting them from social injustice and all
forms of exploitation.
5. Part XVI of the Constitution : It contains “special provisions relating to certain classes” and
under this part, Article 340 envisages the appointment of a Commission to investigate the
conditions of Backward Classes.
With a view to consider measures for the improvement of the conditions of the Other Backward
Classes, the Government of India appointed the Mandal Commission in 1978. As far as promotion
of education among these sections is concerned, following special measures are being taken :

1. Special schemes for the OBCs after their educational training.
2. Reservation of seats for OBC students in all scientific, technical and professional institutions
run by the Centre as well as the State Governments.

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