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Unit 16: Promoting Need based Educational Programmes

to take dictation at five words per minute. He should be able to write with proper spacing Notes
alignment. He should also be able to write independently short letters, application and terms of
day-to-day use.
Arithmetic Norms : Proficiency in numerals has also been laid down. The new learner must be
able to read and write 1 to 100. He should also be able to do simple calculations without
fraction involving addition, subtraction up to three digits and multiplication and visions by
two digits.’
The Mission also expects the neo-literates to have a working knowledge of metric units of
weights, measures, currency, distance and area, and units of time. They should also have a
broad idea of proportion and interest (without involving fractions) and their use in working
and living conditions.
3. Awareness : Enabling the adults to be aware of the causes of their deprivation and moving
towards amelioration of their condition through organisation, and participation in the process
of development;
4. Development and Improvement : Acquiring skills to improve the economic status and general
well-being; Imbibing the values of national integration, conservation of the environment,
women’s equality, observance of small family norm, etc.

What is National Adult Educational Programme ?

Integrated Approach to Literacy
Under the revised NLM scheme, an integrated approach to literacy is being followed since April
2000. The new approach envisages the integration of the activities of basic teaching-learning with
post-literacy activities to ensure a smooth transition from TLC to Post-Literacy Programmes (PLP).

Jan Shikshan Sansthan
The Jan Shikshan Sansthan scheme, which started in 1988, is meant to promote educational, vocational
and occupational development to literates; neo-literates, semi-literates and un-lettered persons. These
act as Resource Support Agencies especially in regard to organising vocational training and skill
development programmes. During the Ninth Plan, the scheme has been strengthened with enhanced
funding and a wider scope and area of operation. The focus of the scheme is now shifting from
industrial workers in urban areas to the socio-economically backward and educationally
disadvantaged groups in urban and rural areas, such as neo-literates, semi-literates, SCs/ STs, women
and girls, slum dwellers, migrant workers, etc. A total of 108, Jan Shikshan Sansthans have been set
up in the country, of which 50 were set up in the Ninth Plan period.
I. Provision for Providing Adequate Number of Women Teachers : Following steps are suggested:
(1) A large number of training institutions have to be provided for women, especially in the
backward states. These institutions should generally be located in rural areas and they should
generally recruit their trainees from that area.
(2) Condensed course centres should be started in these backward areas to open up avenues to
adult unqualified women for employment as teachers. Wherever possible such centres should
be attached to the training institutions.
(3) A large number of quarters for women teachers should be provided, particularly in rural
areas. Our target should be to provide at least 50 per cent of the women teachers with
quarters in primary schools.
(4) All women teachers employed in rural areas should be given adequate rural allowance.

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