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Unit 19: Planning and Organizing Supervisory Activity

staff morale (6) to determine the work for each teacher he is best suited for (7) to help teachers solve Notes
their problems and develop their professional capabilities. Thus, they feel that the organizational
format for the supervisory programme must be clear as to what is to be achieved. The means used
must be selected on the basis of their being relevant for achieving the desired results.

19.9 Organization of Educational Supervision

It is difficult to describe the supervisory organization of Education in India as there is no one
pattern of this in the country. Education in India had been a state subject till recently. It has been
put, now, on the concurrent list. But, the organization and control of education is still within the
preview of the states. Since the number of states in India is very large and there is no uniformity of
organizational patterns of education over these states a wide diversity of administrative and
supervisory structures is found in the education deparments of these states and union territories.
There are many reasons of this diversity. Some of them are historical, some political and others
topographical.
The National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi has classified all
Indian States and union territories into four categories. Their classification is based on the number
of structural layers. According to the survey of this Institute three union territories of Chandigarh,
Lakshadeep and Dadra-Nagar Haveli have a unitary type administrative set-up under a single
Director of Education who is responsible for administering the entire department of education. He
is helped in supervision of educational institutions by District Education Officers (DEOs), one each
for primary, middle and high/higher Education (in Chandigarh), by Education Officers and Assistant
Education Officers (in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep). In Lakshadweep there are
separate assistant education officers for the supervision of academic and physical education. In
addition, there is a social education organizer also of the status of assistant education officer. Each
one of them has his own area of supervision which is indicated by his designation. These officers
are responsible to the Director of Education.
The four states of Manipur, Meghalya. Nagaland and Tripura and the Union territories of Arunachal
Pradesh, Goa and Pondicherry have a two-tier system of educational administration — the state
level and the district level. At the state level there is a Director of Education (Nagaland, Tripura,
Goa and Manipur) or a Director of Public Instruction (Meghalaya). The Director of Education is
supported by District Education Officers (D.E.O.) or District Inspectors of Schools (DIOS) and
Assistant Education Officers. In Tripura the inspectorate consists of assistant inspector of schools at
primary education level, inspector of schools at middle education level, zonal deputy director at
high and also higher secondary education level. In other states and territories also inspectors of
schools and deputy Inspectors of schools constitute the main inspectorial staff.
In seven states, Andhra Pradesh, Assam. Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab, Sikkim and West Bengal and
also in three Union territories of Andaman Nikobar Islands, Delhi and Mizoram there is a three-tier
system with a directorate at the state level supported by Divisional and District Officers. Eleven
States, namely, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh, have a four-tier system of
administration and supervision. These four-tiers are the state level, regional level, district level and
block level. In some states, and union territories there is the Director looking after education at all
stages as the executive head of the Directorate. In some other states there are separate Directors for
primary, secondary, adult and higher education. Jammu and Kashmir has two Directors of Education-
one for boys and the other for girls. There is a separate directorate for primary and adult education
in Gujarat. In Sikkim and West Bengal the Director of Public Instruction is also the ex-officio secretary
of Education.

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