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Unit 19: Planning and Organizing Supervisory Activity

• The purpose of supervision is continuous improvement of the educative process. Notes

(i) Evaluation of the educational prodeuct : At the time of policy-making and before launching
the educational programme we should, formulate the aims and objectives in terms of pupil
growth and achievement.

(ii) Analysis and appraisal of the teaching-learning situation : The chief constituents of the
teaching-learning situation are the learners, the teachers, the curriculum and the socio-physical
environment.
(iii) Improvement of the situation : The study of the situation should be supplemented by new
ideas and experiments in educational theory and practice. Education is a dynamic process.
(iv) Selection of problems requiring attention : From the study of the teaching-learning situation
will emerge a picture of the needs, difficulties and problems requiring attention.
(v) Development of a programme of action : After selection of the problems it is necessary to
formulate a programme of activities that should be launched to improve the conditions and
product of learning.
(vi) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the supervisory programme : The supervisory programme
is of value to, the extent of its effectiveness in achieving its own accepted objectives.
• Organizing the Supervisory Programme
• Having, planned the supervisory programme we should proceed to organise it. Organization
refers to the structured responsibilities and relationships allocated to the various executive and
supervisory positions in a field of employment.
• The Need for Organizing the Supervisory Programme
• The following considerations indicate the need for organizing the supervisory programmes :
(i) Organisation is needed to meet the ever-increasing demands of the educational enterprise :
In recent times, the machinery of organisation has become very complex.

(ii) Organization is needed to combine together various youth services : The various school
services should be coordinated with similar other outside agencies, such as child guidance
clinics, public health and recreation agencies, boy scouts, museums, zoos, public libraries,
public parks, neighbourhood clubs.
(iii) Organization is needed to integrate the academic activities of the school : Supervision is
mainly concerned with instruction in academic subjects. With the growing complexity of life
more and more subjects are being added to school studies.
(iv) Organization is needed to realise the goals of the supervision and education : A systematic
organization is indispensable for the forward flow of efforts of the educational workers.
• Types of Organization
• Broadly speaking, there are two types of organizations autocratic or authoritarian and
democratic. Both these have their characteristic features, merits and demerits.
(i) Autocratic or Authoritarian Organization is of the traditional type. The authority is centralised
in the key person or head, who has been legally appointed to look alter the organization. He
is responsible to run the institution, and the policies and techniques of the school programme
including instruction are directed by him.
These characteristics of the, autocratic organization reveal its many weaknesses or demerits.
In such an organization conflict, friction and antagonism soon develop.
In case of the external organization the authority is centralized in the legally appointed person
at the head.

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