Page 274 - DEDU503_EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_ENGLISH

Educational Management

Notes (positive and negative reinforcement), transactional analysis (TA) and contingency management. A
comprehensive theory of classroom management is as elusive as a theory of instruction.
A distinction between tasks and activities may be indicated. The concept of activities refers to distinctive
patterns of overt behaviour of teachers and students in classrooms. A task is defined as the way in
which information-processing demands of an environment are structured and experienced. It is
expressed in terms of a goal, and a set of operations designed to achieve the goals. A task gives
meaning to an activity by linking various elements within an activity to a purpose or goal. In terms
of classroom management, teachers perform various tasks such as planning, organising, coordinating,
directing, controlling and communicating, Behaviour, therefore, can be understood in terms of tasks
accomplished.
Teacher process is organized through classroom management. ‘Classroom management’ is defined
operationally.
“A system ot actions and activities are managed in classroom to induce learning through teacher-
taught relationship or interaction.”
This definition of classroom management is very comprehensive which includes the major
components of teaching in classroom. Teacher and students are the basic components for manageing
classroom activities. The mode of relationship between them depends in several factors. The action
of teacher means non-verbal behaviour or use of body language which creates the emotional climate
of classroom. The activities of teacher means verbal interaction or verbal communication, skills and
competencies. The focus of classroom management is to facilitate student learning. Learning ranges
Date : 17-07-02 rom conditioning to problem solving.
The definition of classroom management indicate is the wide variation of its components. The
following are the main approaches which are used in managing classroom activities. The concept of
classroom management and principles of classroom management have been given at page 270 of
the book.
The Approaches to Classroom Management
The following are the main approaches to manageing classroom activities.
(a) Herbartian approach — Herbart
(b) Evaluation approach — B.S. Bloom
(c) Managing Teaching learning — I.K. Devies
(d) Organing teaching — Memory Understanding and Reflective leves
(a) Herbartian Approach : It is very old and classical approach. It has five steps- prepartion
presentation, comparison, obstruction and generalization. It is content-centred approach to
classroom management. It employs teacher controlled instruction (TCI). All the classroom
activities are managed and controlled by the teacher and students are the passive listeners. It
stresses on the memorization of content. It is known as thoughtless teaching.
(b) Evaluation Approach : B.S. Bloom has developed this approach to classroom teaching. It
considers that teaching is tripolar proce (1) Educational objectives, (2) Learning experiences
and (3) Change in behaviour. The classroom management is to realize the educational objectives.
The purpose of managing classroom activities is to provide learning experiences the students
and objectives are measured with the help of change of behaviours. The classroom management
is objective-centred. The classroom activities are managed for realizing the objectives.
(c) Managing Teaching Learning : I.K. Devies has given the management approach to teaching
learning. A teacher has to play the role of manager and he has to manage classroom activities.
This approach is based on the modern theory of human organization and relationships. Devies
has given four steps for managing teaching (1) Planning (2) Organizing (3) Leading and (4)
Controlling. The organizing and leading steps are related to classroom management. The

268 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY