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'kSf{kd izcU/u



                    uksV            • fdlh fo'ks"k dk;Z ,oa O;olk; esa izHkkoh :i ls dk;Z djus osQ fy;s izf'k{k.k vko';d gksrk gSA ;fn fdlh
                                        O;fDr dks oqQN fnu osQ izf'k{k.k osQ mijkUr] fdlh O;olk; esa fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS] rks og O;olk;
                                        osQ fy;s ;ksX; fl¼ gksrk gSA ;fn fdlh O;fDr dks fu;qfDr osQ iwoZ fdlh dk;Z esa izf'kf{kr fd;k tkrk gS
                                        rks bls iwoZ izf'k{k.k dh laKk nh tkrh gS] tks cM+k egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSA

                                  12-5 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

                                        • vuqdj.kh;μvuqlj.k djus ;ksX;] vFkkZr~ vkn'kZA

                                        • lkSgknZiw.kZμln~Hkkoukiw.kZ O;ogkjA

                                  12-6 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

                                    1-  tokcnsgh ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ fo|ky; f'k{kk iz.kkyh dks lqpk: :i ls lapkyu osQ fy, vko';d
                                        tokcnsgh osQ lanHkZ esa O;k[;k dhft,A
                                    2-  ¶fo|ky; f'k{kk  esa tokcnsgh¸ in ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ ;gk¡ gesa fdl izdkj dh tokcnsgh pkfg, rFkk
                                        og fdl izdkj ykxw gks ldrh gSA
                                    3-  fo|ky; f'k{kk osQ lanHkZ esa izcaèku izf'k{k.k dk D;k vFkZ gS\ fo|ky;ksa esa izcaèku izf'k{k.k dh vko';drk
                                        dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A

                                    4-  f'k{kk dk D;k vFkZ gS\ izf'k{k.k ,oa f'k{kk esa vUrj Li"V dhft,A
                                  mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu  (Answer: Self Assessment)
                                      1.  1. lR;                    2. lR;                   3. vlR;

                                          4. lR;                    5. lR;A
                                      2.  1. f'k{kk izcaèku         2. fodkl                 3. fof'k"V
                                          4. O;fDrxr foHksnksa      5. O;fDrRoA

                                  12-7 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)





                                            1. 'kSf{kd rduhdh osQ ewy rRo ,oa izcU/uμ MkW- ,l-osQ- eaxy] 'kqHkzk eaxy] yk;y cqd fMiks]
                                               ;w-ihA

                                            2. f'k{kk izca/uμ vkj-,- 'kekZ] vkj yky cqd fMiks] ;w-ihA
                                            3. fo|ky; laxBu rFkk f'k{kk iz'kklu μ vkj-,- 'kekZ] vkj yky cqd fMiks] ;w-ihA
                                            4. 'kSf{kd rduhdhμ ts-lh- vxzoky] ,-,l- xqIrk] f'kizk ifCyosQ'kUlA

                                            5. fo|ky; izca/uμ ts-ih- oekZ] vkj yky cqd fMiks] ;w-ihA












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