Page 30 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes Formative Evaluation
Formative evaluation is such evaluation which is conducted before giving final Shape to an
educational policy or programme, curriculum, teaching method, teaching aid or evaluation method.
For it, the evaluator first of all prepares the preliminary draft of the proposed educational policy,
planning or programme, curriculum, teaching method or evaluation method; then he analyses each
of its steps and receives approval of the specialists. This approval is received with the help of
interview, questionnaire or rating scale.
Summative Evaluation
Summative evaluation is such evaluation which is conducted in order to test the utility of an already
existing educational policy, planning or programme, curriculum, teaching method, teaching aid or
evaluation method. For it, the evaluator constructs the most suitable measurement tool or method
based on interview, questionnaire or rating scale, for evaluation of the educational policy, planning
or programme, curriculum, teaching method, teaching aid or evaluation method. After this, he tests
its utility on the basis of related standards (Norms) and statistical calculations. Finally, he decides
whether such educational policy, planning or programme, curriculum, teaching method, teaching
aid or evaluation method should continue or not, and if it is to continue, what should be its form.

2.6 Need of Evaluation

The need of the Evaluation are as follows:-
(1) For test the educational importance of the activities of educational administrators, other
personnel and guardians from time to time, and to suggest for improvement.
(2) For analyse the educational objectives, to test their utility, and to suggest for timely change.
(3) For find out the effect of the curriculum at different levels in the achievement of educational
objectives, to give suggestions for improvement and to enlighten for research.
(4) For study the effect of teaching methods being used from time to time, to find out useful/
useless methods, to suggest for improvement and to enlighten the field for research.
(5) For find out the utility of textbooks in the achievement of educational objectives, to give
suggestions for improvement and to guide for research.
(6) For study the effect of the use of various means in teaching as to their place and kind of use, and
to suggest measures for improvement.
2.7 Scope of Evaluation

In the field of education, generally, the measurement of educational achievements of the students is
called evaluation. The first thing in this context is that the measurement is the first step of evaluation,
it is not evaluation in itself. In evaluation, the results of measurement are analysed according to
predetermined standards (Norms). Secondly, not only the measurement of educational achievements
of the students is done, but their intelligence, interest, aptitude and personality, etc. are also measured
and evaluated. Besides the traits of students, the activities of other people concerned with education
such as administrators, teachers, other personnel and guardians are also measured and evaluated.
The measurement and evaluation of educational policy, the aims of education, the curriculum at
various levels and teaching methods are also carried out and suitable suggestions are given. Therefore,
the evaluation in the field of education should be defined as follows :
Educational evaluation is the process in which measurement of the decisions related to education
and of the traits and activities of the persons concerned with education is carried out and the
results of such measurement are analysed on the basis of predetermined standards (Norms) and
on its basis the relative results are declared and suggestions for improvement in them are given.
Generally, people use the words educational evaluation and measurement in identical meanings.
However, they have the difference of the whole and the part. Measurement is the first step of
evaluation, evaluation is a process to analyse the results of measurement.

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