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Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes simpler and less time consuming, and are good for testing cause- and-effect relationship as well as
for discrimination between facts and opinion.

The commonly visualised shortcomings of T-F items are encouraging blind guessing,
testing of trivials, verbal memory, lack of qualifiers, and negative suggestion effect; and
favouring willing in aggressive students to take chance.

28.3.2 Matching-Type Items
Design
Matching-type items are prescribed as set of terms, events, phrases, definitions etc., called the
premises, which are written on the left-hand side, say column I. Another set of name pictures,
statements etc., called the responses, are placed on the right-hand side under column II. Students
are asked to match each item with the corresponding response, which is considered as one test item.
Relationship may be between a term and definition, object and its functions, inventor and inventions,
author and work, dates and events, problems and solutions etc. If the number of responses are equal
to the number of premises, it is termed perfect matching. If the number of responses are more than
the premises. it is called imperfect matching. If single criterion for matching the items is used, it is
called simple matching; but if more than one criterion is used as the basis of matching, i.e. more
than two lists are given, it is termed compound matching. While attempting the matching-type
items, the student has more choices (2, 3,4, 5, 6 or even more) to choose from for each item (premises).
The number of choices (responses) goes on decreasing as one goes on attempting one item after
another. Thus every matching-type item in a set is indeed a multiple choice-type item. The following
examples would clarify the concept of different varieties of matching-type items.
28.3.3 Rearrangement-Type Items

Design
Examinees are required to re-arrange the randomly presented material into some specified order.
Material may be presented in the form of a series of statements one after the other or responses may
be given of the multiple choice type. Direction is to be provided whether the responses are to be
rearranged by writing them in specified order; to serial them into particular order; or indicate the
serial number of each response etc.
Types of Re-arrangement Items
Chronological Order
Rewrite the serial number of the Indian Presidents listed below from past to present according to
chronological order in the space provided.
1. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 3. S.D. Sharma (4-2-3-1)
2. Giani Zail Singh 4. Rajendra Prasad
Functional Order
Rearrange the following steps involved in the manufacture of food by plants in order of their
occurrence, giving the serial number in the bracket provided against each.
1. Splitting of water (3)
2. Formation of starch (5)
3. Excitation of chlorophyll (1)
4. Evolution of oxygen (4)
5. Formation of A.T.P. (2)

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