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Educational Measurement and Evaluation


                   Notes          100% scoring objectivity, time constraint, computerisation of results, machine scoring, ranking, post-
                                  examination statistical moderation and record of psychometric properties of items are considered
                                  the necessary conditions or requirements.
                                  The multiple-choice items are based on response-directed stimulus, in which responses or options
                                  may be arranged in different ways. The choice of the correct answer among the given options or
                                  responses can be made from the independent set of responses given for each item or from the same
                                  set of responses given for different items. Accordingly, we have different varieties of multiple choice
                                  items in terms of design or format of the items as given in the classification flow-chart.




                                              When the purpose of examination is to rank the candidates for selection or awarding
                                              scholarships as in National Talent Search Examination conducted by NCERT in India,
                                              MCQ may be used exclusively to ensure complete objectivity in scoring.


                                  Self Assessment
                                  1.  Fill in the blanks :
                                     (i) The ______ is the simplest form of selected response formats, in which one of the two choices
                                        give as possible response to a test question.
                                    (ii) In ______ items require the examinee to select one or more responses from a set of options.


                                    (iii) The correct alternative in each item is called the ______, and the remaining alternatives are
                                        called ______.
                                    (iv) The multiple choice items are based on ______, in which responses or options may be arranged
                                        in different ways.
                                    (v) In matching type items the terms which are written on the left hand side are called ______
                                        and on the other side are called ______.

                                  28.4 Advantages of Objective Test

                                  The objective tests have all the qualities of a good test, though all the abilities of the students cannot
                                  be measured by them.
                                  1.  Validity : Objective tests are generally made to measure the knowledge of the students. First,
                                      the questions asked pertain to the field, the knowledge of which has to be measured. Second,
                                      the number of questions is generally large which is spread out on the entire range of knowledge.
                                      Third, the evaluation of these questions is objective. So these tests are valid.
                                  2.  Reliability : These tests are reliable. All the questions contained in them are clear and bear
                                      only one meaning, and their answers too are definite. These are very comprehensive, and the
                                      measurement done by them is also objective. It is natural for them to be reliable.
                                  3.  Objectivity : As has been clarified above, the questions asked in these tests are clear and have
                                      a single meaning, their answers are also definite and the evaluator has not any liberty to mark
                                      them. Whoever the evaluator may be, the result of such tests is similar. It is evident that these,
                                      tests are objective and therefore reliable.
                                  4.  Comprehensiveness : As has been stated in the beginning, small questions are asked in these
                                      tests and the answers to these questions are given in one mark, number or word. From the
                                      viewpoint of availability of time, the time to be taken on to write one essay type answer or 4-
                                      6 short-answer-type answers can suffice to think and write the answers of 40-50 objective
                                      questions. Thus, these tests are comprehensive in nature.



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