Page 167 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—11% ijh{k.k osQ ekud dk fodkl

3- 'krka'kh; ekud (Percentile Norms) uksV
4- izkekf.kd vad ekud (Standard Score Norms)
1- vk;q ekud (Age Norms)μbl izdkj osQ ekudksa dk iz;ksx fcus (Binnett) osQ cqf¼ ijh{k.k (Intelligence
Test) esa fd;k x;kA bl izdkj osQ ekudksa dh vkèkkjHkwr ekU;rk ;g gS fd vk;q osQ lkFk&lkFk nwljh jkf'k
(Variable) Hkh c<+sA
“The variable must increase with the age.”
vk;q ekudksa ls vfHkizk; ml ijh{k.k ij fofHkUu vk;q osQ Nk=kksa osQ vkSlr izkIrkdksa ls gSA vk;q ekud ge mUgha
jkf'k;ksa dk Kkr djrs gSa tks vk;q osQ lkFk&lkFk c<+rs gSa tSls] Height, Weight, Intelligence, Reading Ability,
Vocabulary, Mental Age vkfnA vc eku yhft, gesa Height, Age Norm Kkr djuk gSA blosQ fy, loZizFke
ijh{k.k dks fofHkUu vk;q oxZ osQ fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ lewgksa ij iz'kkflr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk fo|k£Fk;ksa }kjk ml ijh{k.k
ij izkIr vadksa dks fy[k fy;k tkrk gSA izR;sd vk;q oxZ osQ Nk=kksa }kjk izkIr vadksa dk vkSlr gh ml vk;q osQ fo|k£Fk;ksa
osQ fy, ekud dgykrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ge 12 o"kZ dh vk;q oxZ osQ Nk=kksa dh Å¡pkbZ (Height) dk ekud Kkr
djuk pkgrs gSaA blosQ fy, ge loZizFke 12 o"kZ dh vk;q oxZ osQ oqQN Nk=kksa dks ysaxs tks lEiw.kZ tula[;k dk
izfrfufèkRo djrs gksaA fiQj mu lc Nk=kksa dh Å¡pkbZ ukidj mldk vkSlr fudky ysaxsA ;g vkSlr gh leLr 12
o"khZ; ckydksa osQ fy, Å¡pkbZ ekud (Height Norm) dgyk;sxkA vc blosQ vkèkkj ij ge fdlh Hkh Nk=k dh
Å¡pkbZ ukidj mldh O;k[;k dj ldrs gSaA ;fn mldh ÅapkbZ bl ekud ÅapkbZ ls de gksxh rks mls lkekU; ls
de yEck Nk=k dgk tk;sxk vkSj ;fn mldh ÅapkbZ bl ekud ÅapkbZ ls vfèkd gksxh rks mls lkekU; ls vfèkd
yEck Nk=k dgk tk;sxkA tSls] ;fn 15 o"khZ; vk;q oxZ osQ yM+dksa dh vkSlr ÅapkbZ 135 ls- eh- gS rFkk vfHk"ksd
dh vk;q 145 ls- eh- gS rks ge dgsaxs fd vfHk"ksd viuh vk;q osQ lkis{k vfèkd yEck gS pkgs mldh okLrfod
vk;q fdruh gh D;ksa u gksA blosQ foijhr lHkh 16 o"khZ; vk;q oxZ osQ yM+dksa dh vkSlr ÅapkbZ ;fn 145 ls- eh-
gS rks ge dgsaxs fd vfHk"ksd 16 o"kZ osQ Nk=k osQ cjkcj Height age j[krk gSA cqf¼ ekiu osQ {ks=k esa ekufld
vk;q dk izR;; okLro esa vk;q ekudksa dk gh ,d :i gSA ;fn dksbZ Nk=k mu iz'uksa dks lgh gy dj ysrk gS ftUgsa
18 o"khZ; Nk=k gy dj ysrk gS rks ml Nk=k dh ekufld vk;q 18 o"kZ dgh tk;sxh pkgs mldh 'kkjhfjd vk;q
15 o"kZ dh gh gSA leLr cqf¼ ijh{k.kksa esa ekudksa dks ^ekufld vk;q* osQ :i esa rFkk miyfCèk ijh{k.k esa ^'kSf{kd
vk;q* osQ :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
“Age or Grade Norms locate the pupil in terms of age or grade groups, but not necessarily with
pupils of his own age and grade.” —D. Baron and H.W. Bernard.
ifjlhek,¡ (Limitations)

1- bu ekudksa dk iz;ksx rHkh fd;k tkuk pkfg, tcfd vk;q osQ lkFk&lkFk ekis tkus okys vU; pjksa esa Hkh
o`f¼ gks tSlsμHkkj] o`f¼] 'kSf{kd miyfCèk vkfnA
2- vk;q ekudksa dh izeq[k ifjlhek ;g gS fd izR;sd ckyd dk fodkl gj mez esa ,d tSlk ugha gksrk gSA
5&7 vk;q oxZ esa fodkl 11&14 vk;qoxZ dh vis{kk rhu xquk vfèkd gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i fofHkUu vk;q
oxZ osQ fy;s ekudksa dk vUrj leku ugha gksrkA
3- ;s ekud osQoy 20 o"kZ rd dh vk;q osQ ijh{kk£Fk;ksa osQ fy, gh Bhd jgrs gSaA
4- izfrfufèkRo U;kn'kZ (Representative Sample) dk p;u dfBu dk;Z gSA
5- bu ekudksa dk iz;ksx O;fDrRo ijh{k.k] #fp ijh{k.k] vfHko`fÙk ijh{k.k (Aptitude Tests) vkfn ijh{k.kksa
esa ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

6- oqQN xq.kksa esa ekufld fodkl ugha gksrkA tSls] 'kCn Hk.Mkj (Vocabulary) rks fujUrj c<+rk jgrk gS ysfdu
iFktky&vadu (Maze-Tracing) fd'kksjkoLFkk osQ ckn #d tkrh gSA vr% bl izdkj osQ Traits dh rqyuk
vk;q ekudksa }kjk ugha dh tk ldrhA

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