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Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University bdkbZ—11% ijh{k.k osQ ekud dk fodkl

uksV
bdkbZμ11% ijh{k.k osQ ekud dk fodkl
(Development of Norms of a Test)

vuqØef.kdk (Contents)

mís'; (Objectives)
izLrkouk (Introduction)

11.1 ekud dk vFkZ (Meaning of Norm)
11.2 ekud fuèkkZj.k dh vko';drk (Need of Establishing Norm)

11.3 ekudksa osQ izdkj (Types of Norm)
11.4 ekudksa osQ vko';d xq.k (Essential Qualities of Norms)
11.5 lkjka'k (Summary)

11.6 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
11.7 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

11.8 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)

mís'; (Objectives)

bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsμ
• ijh{k.k osQ ekud dk vFkZ vkSj ekud fu/kZj.k dh vko';drk dh O;k[;k djus esaA
• ekud osQ vko';d xq.k vkSj izdkjksa dk foospu djus esaA

izLrkouk (Introduction)

ekud ,sls Standards gksrs gSa ftuosQ lkFk ge fdlh Hkh izkIrkad dh rqyuk djosQ mldh O;k[;k dj ldrs gSa
;k mldk vFkZ yxk ldrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ekud fdlh fof'k"V lewg osQ fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ okLrfod ekiu dk vkSlr
izkIrkad gksrs gSa (Norms are averages or values determined by actual measurement of a group of

persons who are the representative of specific population.) tcfd izfreku ,d ok¡fNr mís'; j[krk gS
tks izkIr ekud ls de ;k vfèkd Hkh gks ldrk gSA
ekud rS;kj djus osQ fy;s ge ijh{k.k dks ,d foLr`r lewg ij ;k fo'kky tula[;k ij iz'kkflr djosQ lewg
osQ izkIrkadksa dks 'krka'kh; ekuksa (Percentiles) vFkok izkekf.kd vk¡dM+ksa (Standard scores) esa cny nsrs gsaA

11-1 ekud dk vFkZ (Meaning of Norm)

fdlh Hkh ijh{k.k dk ekud og izkIrkad gS ftls fdlh fo'ks"k lewg }kjk izkIr fd;k x;k gksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ¶ekud
ls rkRi;Z dk;Z osQ ml uewus ls gS ftls leLr lewg osQ }kjk izn£'kr fd;k x;k gksA¸ (By norms we meant

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