Page 166 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV specimen of work which represent the commonest type of work for the whole group in question)A
vuqlUèkku osQ {ks=k esa fofHkUu ijh{k.kksa dks iz'kkflr djosQ tc ge oqQN vad izkIr djrs gSa rks bu izkIrkadksa osQ
vkèkkj ij dksbZ fu"d"kZ fudkyuk ,d dfBu dk;Z gksrk gS tc rd fd gekjs ikl mlosQ fy, dksbZ vkèkkj u
gksA ekud osQ vkèkkj ij ge fdlh Hkh ijh{k.k osQ }kjk lewg osQ nks O;fDr;ksa dh rqyuk dj ldrs gSa rFkk fdlh
lewg esa veqd O;fDr dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ bldks Hkh Kkr dj ldrs gSaA Interpretive error dks nwj djus osQ
fy, gh ge ekud dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA (Norms have been defined as the standard performance of a

group of pupils on a test.) ;gk¡ ;g è;ku j[kuk vko';d gS fd ekud ,oa izfreku nksuksa esa vUrj gSaA tgk¡
ekud (norms) fdlh fof'k"V lewg osQ okLrfod fu"iknu dk ifjpk;d gksrs gSaA (Norms are the actual

achievement of students at standardized level) ogk¡ izfreku (standard) fu"iknu osQ okafNr Lrj dks
gh O;Dr djrs gSaA
11-2 ekud fuèkkZj.k dh vko';drk (Need of Establishing Norm)

fuEu dkj.kksa ls ekudksa osQ fuèkkZj.k dh vko';drk iM+rh gSμ
(a) ewy vk¡dM+ksa (raw-scores) dks rqyuk ;ksX; cukukA
(b) ewy vk¡dM+s dks bl ;ksX; cukuk rkfd mls nwljs vk¡dM+ksa esa tksM+k tk losQA
(c) ewy vk¡dM+s vkSj vfèkd lkFkZd (meaningful) cukus osQ fy;sA

O;fDr;ksa osQ ftl lewg ij ;s ekud rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa mls lUnHkZ lewg (Reference group) dgrs gSa vFkkZr]
ekud lUnHkZ lewg dh izkekf.kd miyfCèk (Standard performance) dks O;Dr djrs gSaA ekud izk;% fuEu iz'uksa
osQ mÙkj nsus esa gekjh lgk;rk djrs gSaA
(a) dksbZ ,d O;fDr ml ijh{k.k ij nwljksa dh vis{kk fdruk uhps vFkok Åij gSA

(b) fdlh O;fDr dk ,d ijh{kk ij miyCèk izkIrkad mlh fo'ks"krk dk ekiu djus okyh nwljh ijh{kk dh rqyuk
esa fdruk de vFkok vfèkd gSA bl izdkj dh rqyuk osQ vkèkkj ij mldh liQyrkvksa ,oa detksfj;ksa
dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
(c) fo|kFkhZ dh izxfr dk vè;;u fdl izdkj vklkuh ls ,oa liQyrkiwoZd fd;k tk;sA
(d) Nk=k dh Hkkoh liQyrk osQ ckjs esa Hkfo";ok.kh (Prediction) fdl izdkj dh tk;A
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

1- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ^lR;* vFkok ^vlR;* fyf[k,μ
1. fdlh Hkh ijh{k.k dk ekud og izkIrkad gS] ftls fdlh fo'ks"k lewg }kjk izkIr fd;k x;k gksA

2. ewy vk¡dM+ksa dks rqyuk ;ksX; cukus osQ fy, ekud fuèkkZj.k dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA
3. O;fDr;ksa osQ ftl lewg ij ;s ekud rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa mls lUnHkZ lewg dgrs gSaA
4. ekud lanHkZ lewg dh izkekf.kd miyfCèk dks O;Dr djrs gSaA

11-3 ekudksa osQ izdkj (Types of Norms)

ekud fdl lewg osQ ckydksa vFkok D;fDr;ksa osQ fy;s cuk;s x;s gSa bl n`f"Vdks.k ls nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaA oSls
eq[; :i ls pkj izdkj osQ ekud fuèkkZfjr fd;s tkrs gSaμ
1- vk;q ekud (Age Norms)
2- Js.kh ekud (Grade Norms)

160 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY