Page 310 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV 25-1 fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k dh vo/kj.kk (Concept of Achievement Test)

miyfC/ ijh{k.k (Achievement Test)
“The educational tests seek to measure the products of training and indirectly to determine the
efficiency of the training which the individual has received.” –Freeman
“Achievement testing has been deterimental when it forced schools into training rather than
educating pupils.” –Cronbach
O;fDr vkus okyh r#.k ih<+h osQ le{k vius vuqHko ,oa ewY; bl mís'; ls j[krk gS rkfd os lkaLÑfrd /jksgj
dh j{kk dj losaQ ,oa muosQ O;ogkj esa visf{kr ifjorZu gksA ckyd fo|ky; esa jgdj tks oqQN lh[krk gS mls
ge miyfC/ (achievement) dgrs gSa rFkk bl miyfC/ dh tk¡p osQ fy, tks ijh{kk,a yh tkrh gaS mUgsa miyfC/
ijh{k.k (achievement test) dgrs gSaA
vè;kid vius Nk=kksa dh mUufr dk Kku izkIr djus osQ fy, le; le; ij mudh ijh{kk,¡ ysrk jgrk gSA miyfC/
ijh{kk }kjk ckydksa dh ;ksX;rk dh rqyuk dh tkrh gSA bl ijh{kk esa ge lkisf{kd liQyrk (relative
achievement) ij cy nsrs gSa u fd iw.kZ liQyrk (absolute achievement) ijA ;fn ,d fo|kFkhZ fdlh fo"k;
esa 30 vad izkIr djrk gS rFkk nwljk fo|kFkhZ 55 vad izkIr djrk gS rks ge dgsaxs fd igyk fo|kFkhZ nwljs fo|kFkhZ
ls ;ksX;rk esa 25 vad de gSA ;gk¡ ge Pass grade dks egRo ugha nsrs tSls fd Essay Type Test esa nsrs gSaA
;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd gekjh ijh{kk cgqr gh dfBu gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh fo|kFkhZ 36% (Pass marks) u yk ik;s
rks ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g rks ugha dgk tk ldrk fd dksbZ Hkh fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; ugha gSA vr% gesa ;g djuk pkfg;s fd
fo|k£Fk;ksa dks vad nsus osQ i'pkr~ oxhZdj.k djsa rFkk eè;kad Kkr djsa] fiQj ;g ns[ksa fd fo|kFkhZ osQ vad eè;kad
ls fdrus de gksa fd mldh ;ksX;rk dk liQy dgk tk;sA vktdy izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa ;gh uhfr iz;ksx esa yk;h
tkrh gSA oqQN ifjHkk"kk,¡ fuEu gSaμ
lqij (Super) osQ 'kCnksa esaμ¶,d miyfC/ ;k {kerk ijh{k.k ;g Kkr djus osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS fd
O;fDr us D;k vkSj fdruk lh[kk rFkk og dksbZ dk;Z fdruh HkyhHkk¡fr dj ysrk gSA¸
(An achievement or proficiency test is used to ascertain what and how much has been learnt or
how well a task has been performed.)

ÚheSu (Freeman) osQ vuqlkjμ¶miyfC/ ijh{k.k og vfHkdYi gS tks ,d fo'ks"k fo"k; ;k ikB~;Øe osQ
fofHkUu fo"k;ksa osQ Kku] le> ,oa dkS'ky dk ekiu djrk gSA¸
(A test of educational achievement is one designed to measure knowledge, understanding or
skills in a specified subject or a group of subjects.)
bcsy (Ebel) osQ 'kCnksa esaμ¶miyfC/ ijh{k.k og vfHkdYi gS tks fo|kFkhZ osQ }kjk xzg.k fd;s x;s Kku] oqQ'kyrk
;k {kerk dk ekiu djrk gSA¸
(An achievement test is one designed to measure a student’s grasp of some knowledge or his
proficiency in certain skills.)
¯yMfDoLV ,oa eu osQ vuqlkj (Lindquist and Munn)μ¶,d lkekU; fu"ifÙk ijh{k.k og gS tks ,d iQykad
}kjk fu"ifÙk osQ fdlh fn;s gq, {ks=k esa fo|kFkhZ osQ lkisf{kd Kku dk cks/ djk,A¸
(A general achievement test is one designed to express in terms of a single score a pupil’s
relative achievement in a given field of achievement.)

izkphu dky esa Hkh f'k{kd ,oa f'k{kky; dk izFke nkf;Ro vius f'k";ksa dh miyfC/
dk ewY;kadu jgk gSA f'k{kk osQ mís';ksa esa la'kks/u ,oa ifjorZu osQ lkFk&lkFk gekjh
ewY;kadu ,oa ekiu dh izfØ;k Hkh cnyrh jgrh gSA

304 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY