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'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV (2) leku mifLFkfr vUrjky izfof/
(3) ;ksx&fu/kZj.k vUrjky izfof/]
(4) LosQyksxzke izfof/]
(5) Øec¼ vUrj izfof/]

(6) foHksndkfjrk izfof/] rFkk
(7) flesfUVd&fMiQjsaf'k;y izfof/A
uhps bu fof/;ksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; izLrqr gSμ
(v) O;kogkfjd izfof/;k¡ (Behavioural Techniques)

O;kogkfjd fof/;ksa dks izR;{k iz'u fof/ rFkk izR;{k O;ogkj fujh{k.k dk fuEufyf[kr laf{kIr o.kZu fd;k
x;k gSμ
(1) izR;{k iz'u izfof/ (Direct Questioning Technique)μbl izfof/ osQ vUrxZr fdlh O;fDr ls fdlh
vU; O;fDr] fopkj] ?kVuk] oLrq] ewY; vkfn osQ ckjs esa izR;{k iz'u iwNdj mldh vfHko`fÙk Kkr dj yh
tkrh gSA bu iz'uksa osQ ekè;e ls O;fDr dk ml oLrq osQ izfr Í.kkRed] /ukRed ;k mnklhu n`f"Vdks.k
dk irk yxk;k tkrk gSA
(2) izR;{k O;ogkj fujh{k.k izfof/ (Direct Observation of Behaviour)μbl izfof/ osQ vUrxZr O;fDr
osQ izR;{k O;ogkjksa dk fujh{k.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g irk yxk;k tkrk gS fd og fofHk euksoSKkfud
inkFkksZ osQ izfr fdl izdkj dk O;ogkj djrk gSA bu O;ogkjksa dk fujh{k.k djosQ gh mldh vfHko`fÙk;ksa
dk irk yxk;k tkrk gSA
bu nksuksa dh fof/;k¡ O;fDrfu"B gSa vkSj buesa O;fDr dh vfHko`fÙk;ksa osQ fo"k; esa lgh tkudkjh ugha fey ldrh
gS D;ksafd O;fDr iz'uksa dk ;k rks lgh mÙkj ugha nsrk gS ;k mÙkjksa dks fNik tkrk gS vFkok tc og tkurk gS fd
fd mls O;ogkjksa dk dksbZ fujh{k.k dj jgk gS rks og okLrfod O;ogkj ugha djrk gSA mÂr lekt esa tgk¡ nqgjs
O;fDrRo (Dual Personality) gksrs gSa] ;s fof/;k¡ iwjh rjg vliQy jgrh gSaA
(c) euksoSKkfud izfof/;k¡ (Psychological Techniques)
euksoSKkfud fof/;ksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gSμ
(1) ;qXe rqyukRed izfof/ (Paired Comparison Technique)μbl fof/ dk fodkl lu~ (1927) bZ- esa
FkLVZu us ;qXe :i ls oqQN dFkuksa dh lwph cukbZ ijh{kkFkhZ ls ;g dgk tkrk gS fd og ;g crk;s fd izR;sd
tksM+ esa fn, x;s dFkuksa esa ls mldh lgefr fdlosQ lkFk gS rFkk fdl dFku osQ lkFk tksM+k cuk;k tkrk
gS vkSj tksM+s osQ lEcU/ esa mldh lgefr&vlgefr iwNh tkrh gSA bl izdkj ;fn fdlh ijh{kk esa 10 dFku
gSa rks mlosQ oqQN 45 tksM+sa cusxs] 20 dFku gSa rks 190] 30 dFku gSa rks 435] 40 dFku gSa rks 780 rFkk
50 dFku gSa rks 1225 tksMs+ cusaxs vkSj Nk=k ls 1225 gh tksM+ksa (Pairs) osQ ckjs esa iwNk tk;sxkA
(2) leku&mifLFkfr vUrjky izfof/ (Equal Appearing Interval Technique)μbl izfof/ dk fuekZ.k
,oa izfriknu FkLVZu rFkk pso (Chave) us fd;kA bl izfof/ esa Hkh oqQN dFku gksrs gSaA fdUrq mudh la[;k
vfèkd gksrh gSA dFku tksM+ksa esa u gksdj LorU=k :i ls gksrs gSaA izR;sd dFku ij O;fDr dh izfrowQy]
vuqowQy rFkk rVLFk fLFkfr dh lgefr iwNh tkrh gSA ;g lgefr ;k vlgefr 11 fcUnqvksa okys fu/kZj.k
eku (Rating Scale) ij Kkr dh tkrh gSSA eè; dk fcUnq rVLFk dk eku gksrk gSA blesa iz;qDr fcUnq fuEu
izdkj gSaμ

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