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Special Education

Notes (1) For these children, maladjustment is very common. These children show aggressive tendencies,
anxieties and fears. They usually perceive their parents as authoritarian figures.
(2) Speech impaired children are inferior to normal children so far as reading is concerned. They
are underachievers in the school. Generally they do not conform to the general behavior
standard.
(3) Sometimes other children attempt to make fun of their defective speech and consequently the
child withdraws himself from the social situation. By that, the socialization process is also
hampered. These children cannot become leaders in ther concerned peer groups.
(4) Depending on the severity of the anomaly, the children can be more or less separated from
the sole means of mental growth.
(5) Very often, children become conscious of their defects. They find difficulty in communicating
with others. So they cannot take active part in games and groups activities.
(6) A poor articulator is often poor in auditory discrimination. Pronunciation difficulties interfere
with work recognition and spelling.

5.4 Physically Disability (Orthopedic)

Children with Orthopedic Handicaps: Some children have orthopedic handicap or locomotors
handicap. Locomotor handicap refers to the problems with the functioning of bones, joints and muscles.
In some cases their crippling conditions. In other cases they need wheel chair or crutches. They need
removal of architectural barriers and some environmental modifications in the schools. Usually mildly
orthopedically handicapped children do not have learning problems. They can be integrated in the
regular school without much difficulty.
5.4.1 Identification
Identifications of Orthopaedic Impaired Children: Identification of orthopaedically children is very
easy in comparison with other disabilities like partial sightedness and hearing impairment etc. There
are some children who have problems of a mild degree which may be overlooked. For these cases,
identification can be made with the help of the following checklist on behavioural manifestations.
The orthopaedic impaired children can be identified by putting the following questions:
1. Poor motor control or coordination. The child is unable to coordinate two or more muscle
groups for performing any task.
2. Walks awkwardly or with a limp.
3. Shows signs of pain during physical exercise.
4. Difficulty in picking holding and putting in some place.
5. Move in a shaky fashion.
6. Falls frequently.
7. These children have poor motor control and coordination.
8. These children show signs of pain during physical exercise.
9. Deformity in fingers, legs, hands, spine, neck.
10. Frequent pain in joints.
11. Jerking movement in walking.
12. Amputed limbs and
13. Difficulty in sitting, standing, walking.
Causes of Orthopaedic Impairement
The causes of physically disabled are many and varied. Brain damage, brain fever, and brain anoxia
lead to physical disability. RH-incompatibility, intoxication, viral infection for the expectant mother
also cause physical disability. Similarly, prolonged labour, lead poisoning, accidents may cause

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