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Unit 5: Identification, Causes, Problems of Physically Challenged

5.5 Summary Notes

• We have discussed identification, causes and problems of physically challenged. Let's
recapitulate the important points'.
• Visual Impairment:
Identification:
(i) Tactual sense is the primary way in which a variety of concepts are acquired by the blind
child. There are two types of tactual perception (a) synthetic touch (b) analytic touch.
(ii) Blind people good are very good at listening tasks. They scare high on measures of creativity.
The blind person must perceive thinks successively.
(iii) Poor eye-hand coordination is also a sign of identification of visual impairment.
Causes: Cases of visual handicap can be both genetic and environment. It is due to
accommodation or can mergence problem. Major accommodation problems are myopia,
hyperopic, and astigmatism.
Problems: Poor intelligence, academic retardation slower speech development, personality
disorder are some of the major problems of visually impaired children.
• Hearing Impairment
Identification: Identification of hearing impaired child is done by some tests like development
scale psycho logical test medical examination, case study of child, and systematic observation
of child behavior.
Causes: There are four kinks of causes of hearing impairment (a) Hereditary (b) Congenital
and acquired (c) Pre-natal, prenatal and postnatal (d) Physiological and psychological.
• Hereditary, Rubella, infectious disease, drugs and malnutrition are the causes before birth, lack
of oxygen use of forceps in delivery, instrumental delivery are causes during birth and measles,
mumps, whooping caught, meningitis, typhoid fever are the causes after birth.
Problems: Difficulty in hearing faint speech, speech at distance of speech with background,
occasionally auditory perception problems are some major problems of hearing in paired
children. Delayed speech, depression and isolation are some other problems.
• Speech Impaired Children
Identification: Faulty articulation or pronunciation, unpleasant voice quality-nasality, defective
voice too high or too low stuttering, cluttering are some signs of speech impairment.
Causes: The organic causes includes palatal anomalies, dental irregularities, the functional
causes are defects in articulation voice, psychogenic causes means defects due to environment
causes, loss of hearing. Social in child fluency psychological are other causes.
Problems: Speech impaired children are inferior to normal children. They show aggressive
tendencies, anxieties and fears. They feel depress and isolated from society.
• Physical Disability (Orthopedic)
Identification: Identification of orthopedically children is very easy in comparison with other
disabilities. They have poor motor control or co-ordination; walk awkwardly with a limp, falls
frequently.
Causes: There are different kinds of physical disability orthopedic. All have different causes.
• Parkinson's disease is by muscle rigidity, multiple sclerosis is due to destruction of the insulating
material.
• ALS (A my atrophic lateral sclerosis is due to slowly progressive paralysis of voluntary mussels.
• Muscular dystrophy is due to muscular weakness.
• Arthritis is caused by pain in joints.
• Cerebral palsy is due to motor areas of the brain prior to brain maturity. Spinal cord and head
injury are very severe. It can result in paralysis of all the four links.

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