Page 171 - DHIN501_BHASHA_VIGYAN

Hkk"kkfoKku vkSj Hkk"kk fganh

uksV gksrs gSa) dFku ls Li"V gSA Lojk?kkr esa ifjorZu ls dHkh&dHkh fyax esa Hkh ifjorZu gks tkrk FkkA
tSlk fd mQij laosQr fd;k x;k gS oSfnd Lojk?kkr rhu izdkj osQ Fks% mnkÙk vFkkZr~ mPp] vuqnkÙk vFkkZr~ fuEu
rFkk Lofjr vFkkZr~ eè;A mnkÙk] vuqnkÙk rks Li"V gS] fdUrq Lofjr fooknkLin gSA ;ksa eksVs :i ls ^lekgkj%
Lofjr%* osQ vk/kj ij Lofjr dks mnkÙk rFkk vuqnkÙk rFkk vuqnkÙk dk lekgkj dgk tk ldrk gSA
oSfnd lkfgR; esa Lojk?kkr osQ vafdr djus dh dbZ i¼fr;k¡ izpfyr jgh gSaaA mnkgj.kkFkZ ÍXosn] vFkoZosn vkfn
esa izk;% mnkÙk vfpfÉr feyrk gS] vuqnkÙk osQ uhps iM+h js[kk [khaprs gSa rFkk Lofjr osQ mQij [kM+h js[kk] tSls
vfxzukA lkenso esa mnkÙk osQ fy, 1] Lofjr osQ fy, 2] rFkk vuqnkÙk osQ fy, 3] fy[kus dh ijEijk jgh gS 1
3
2
c fgf"k A 'kriFk czkã.k vkfn esa osQoy mnkÙk dks fpfÉr djrs jgs gSa% iq#"k%A
,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls oSfnd esa ewy Lojk?kkr izk;% mlh v{kj ij gS] ftl ij ewy Hkkjksih; esa Fkk% xzhd Tatos]
la- rr] l~- fdUrq foLrkj esa cgqr vUrj gSA igys yksx laLo`Qr Lojk?kkr dks ewy Hkkjksih; lk ekurs Fks] fdUrq
vc bl n`f"V ls xzhd vf/d lehi ekuh tkrh gSA
oSfnd Hkk"kk esa izk;% lHkh 'kCnksa ;k inksa ij Lojk?kkr gksrk gSA oqQN p] ok] bo tSls 'kCn Lojk?kkr'kwU; gksrs gSaA
;ksa cgqr ls ,sls Hkh :i gksrs gSa tks oqQN fLFkfr;ksa esa rks Lojk?kkr;qDr gksrs gSa] vkSj oqQN esa Lojk?kkr'kwU;A
mnkgj.kkFkZ lEcks/u dk :i ;fn og okD;kjEHk esa u gks rks izk;% Lojk?kkr'kwU; gksrk gSA oSfnd laLo`Qr esa
izkfrikfnd] lekl] laf/] dkjd:i] fØ;k rFkk uke/krq vkfn osQ Lojk?kkr osQ fu;e vyx&vyx gSaA
VuZj osQ vuqlkj oSfnd laLo`Qr esa laxhrkRed ,oa cykRed nksuksa gh Lojk?kkr FkkA
:i&jpukµ oSfnd Hkk"kk esa fyax rhu Fks% iqfyax] L=khfyax] uiqaldfyaxA opu Hkh rhu Fks% ,d-] f}-] cgq-A dkjd
vkB Fks% dÙkkZ] lEcks/u] deZ] dj.k] lEiznku] viknku] lEcU/] vf/dj.kA
lkekU; dkjd foHkfDr;k¡ ;s Fkha%
,dopu f}opu cgqopu
iq- L=kh- uiq- iq- L=kh- uiqa- iq- L=kh- uiqa-
dÙkkZµ l~ e~ &vkS &bZ &vl~ &fu]&b
lEcks-µ¸ µ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
deZµ &ve~ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
dj.kµ &vk]&,u &vk]&,u &H;ke~ &H;ke~ &fHkl~ &fHkl~
lEiz-µ &, &, ¸ ¸ &H;l~ &H;l~
vik-& &vl~ &vl~ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
lEcU/µ ¸ ¸ &vksl~ &vksl~ vke~ vke~
vf/-µ &b &b ¸ ¸ l q l q
fo'ks"k (1) vdkjkUr 'kCnksa dks NksM+dj vU; vius ewy :i esa gh drkZ ,d- uiqa- esa vkrs gSaA vdkjUr esa
&e~ yxrk gSA (2) lEcks/u osQ :i osQoy Lojkar L=kh- iq- ,dopu NksM+dj izk;% drkZ osQ :iksa osQ leku gksrs
gSaA &eu~] &vu~] &ear] &oar] vkfn dbZ LojkUr izkfrikfnd (iq- ,d-) Hkh viokn gSaA
mi;qZDr :iksa esa vf/dka'k ewy Hkkjksih;&foHkfDr ls lh/s vk;s gSa] vkSj iz;ksx ,oa :i dh n`f"V ls muosQ lehi
gSaA tSls ·l ls l (vos- 'k] xzh- l vkfn)] ·e~ ls f}rh;k &ve~ (xzh- &u~- &v~] vos- &ve~ vkfn)] prqFkhZ
·vb] ,Wb ls , (xzh- vksb)] ·,Wl]· vksl~ ls vl~] f}opu ·vks ls vks] cgq- &vl ·vksl~ ls] ·Hkkl ls H;l~]
rFkk ·l~ ls lq vkfnA dj.k cgq-&,fHk% (nsosfHk%) esa ^,* loZukeksa ls vk;k gSA
fo'ks"k.kksa osQ :i Hkh laaKk dh rjg pyrs FksA
rqyuk osQ fy, &rj (xzh- rsZ jksZ] ySfVu rsZj] vos- rj) ,oa re (ySfVuµfreks] vos- re) Øe'k% ewy Hkkjksih;
Hkk"kk osQ ·rks esa tqM+dj &rj] &re vkfn gks x;sA blh izdkj b;kal~ (xzh- bZvkWl] ;ksl~] ySfVu ior] vos- &;g&)
rFkk b"B (xzh- bLrks] vos- b'r) Øe'k% ewy Hkkjksih; ·;ks l~ ,oa ·bLFk~ ls fodflr gSaA
ewy Hkkjksih; esa loZuke osQ ewy ;k izkfrifnd cgqr vf/d FksA fofHkUu cksfy;ksa esa dnkfpr~ fofHkUu ewyksa osQ
:i pyrs FksA igys lHkh ewyksa ls lHkh :i curs Fks] fdUrq ckn esa feJ.k gqvk vkSj vusd ewyksa osQ vusd

164 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY