Page 91 - DHIN501_BHASHA_VIGYAN

Hkk"kkfoKku vkSj fganh Hkk"kk

uksV laLo`QrµvFk] bfr] p]ok] ,o] vfi vkfnA
dHkh&dHkh nks Lora=k 'kCn lEcU/ rÙo izdV djrs gSaA tSlsµvxj lat; tk;sxk] rks vt; ;gha jgsxkA ;|fi&rFkkfi]
tgk¡&rgk¡] ;Fkk&rFkk] ;fn&rfga vkfn 'kCn lEcU/ rÙo dk gh cks/ djkrs gSaA vaxzsth esa if-then, Either or,
Neither-nor, Though-yet vkfn Hkh Lora=k lEcU/ rÙo osQ gh okpd gSaA
4- izR;;u (Affixation) izR;; dks lecU/ rÙo Hkh dgrs gSaA ;s izR;; /krqvksa ;k izkfrifndksa esa tqM+dj lEcU/
dk fu/kZj.k djrs gSaA bl vk/kj ij ;s vkfn] eè; vkSj var esa tksM+s tkrs gSaa T;ksa&T;ksa] ;fn&rks vkfn blh rjg
osQ lEcU/ rRo gSa laLo`Qr osQ ;=k&r=k] bUgsa iwoZ lxZ (Prefix) eè; lxZ (Infix) vkSj vUR; lxZ ;k (Suffix) dgrs
gSaA iwoZ izR;;] eè; izR;; vkSj vaR; izR;; Hkh bUgsa dgk tkrk gSA

(d) iwoZ lxZ ;k iwoZ izR;;µ iwoZ lxZ ;k iwoZ izR;; dks milxZ Hkh dgrs gSaA bl lanHkZ esa ikf.kfu dk dFku gSµ
milxsZ.k /kRoFkksZ cyknU;% izrh;rsA
izgkjkgkj lagkj fogkj ifjgkj or~A

milxZ ls vkRoFkZ esa ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA tSls gkj ls izgkj] vkgkj] migkj] fogkj] lagkj] ifjgkj vkfnA fo/ku]
la/ku] ifj/ku vkfn Hkh iwoZ lxZ osQ gh mnkgj.k gSaA
vaxzsth esa Serve eas iwoZ izR;; tksM+us ls] deserve, reserve, preserve vkfn curs gSaA prefer, refer, defer,
confer rFkk percieve, recieve, decieve, concieve vkfn Hkh iwoZ ;ksx ls fufeZr gSaA
laLo`Qr Hkwrdkfyd fØ;k /krq osQ vkfn esa ^v* osQ ;ksx ls fu"iUu gksrh gSA tSlsµ viBr~] vHkor~] vdjksr~ vkfnA
^v* osQ iwoZ ;ksx ls buesa Hkwrdkfydrk vk xbZ gSA
([k) eè; ;ksxµ izo`Qfr osQ eè; esa tqM+us okys izR;; eè; izR;; ;k eè; ;ksx dgykrs gSaA eè; ;ksx dks fodj.k
Hkh dgrs gSaA laLo`Qr esa #/kfn x.k dh /krqvksa osQ chp esa ^u* tksM+k tkrk gS] tks eè; ;ksx dk mfpr mnkgj.k
gSA tSls #¼ ls #.kf¼ (jksdrk gS)] #U/ (rqe jksdrs gks) ;k fNn~ ls fNUn~ ;k fNf> vkfnA vjch esa d r c ls
fdrkc ;k oqQrqc eè; ;ksx gh gSA

oqQN yksx ekurs gSa fd Hkw;rs] iB~;rs] xE;rs] gL;rs] n`';rs vkfn esa ^;* HkkookP; ;k deZokP; dk cks/d gSA
foHkw"kfr] fiifB"kfr vkfn esa ^"k* bPNk dk |ksrd gSA buesa ;] v;] "k eè; ;ksx gS fdUrq ;s eè; lxZ ugha gSa]
izR;; gSaA ;s izR;; izo`Qfr osQ eè; esa ugha tqM+rsA blh izdkj fgUnh dh izsj.kkFkZd fØ;kvksa ;k f}#fDrewyd inksa
esa vkus okyk ^ok* ;k ^vk* eè; ;ksx ugha gSaA ;s Hkh izo`Qfr osQ eè; easa ugha vkrsA tSls fy[kukµfy[kokuk]
djukµdjokuk] iQV&iQVµiQVkiQV] pV&pVµpVkpV vkfnA bUgsa eè;;ksx dk mnkgj.k ekuuk lehphu ugha gksxk]
D;ksafd budk la;ksx izo`Qfr osQ eè; esa ugha gSA

(x) vUR; lxZ ;k ij izR;; (Suffix)µ izo`Qfr ;k izkfrifnd osQ var esa tqM+usokys izR;; dks vUR; ;ksx ;k
ij izR;; dgrs gSaA laKk] loZuke ;k fo'ks"k.kokph 'kCnksa ls in cukus osQ fy, ij izR;;ksa dk ;ksx izpfyr gSA ij
izR;; ;k vUR; ;ksx dks izR;; dgk tkrk gSA us dks ls dk esa ij vkfn ij izR;; gh gSaA laLo`Qr esa foHkfDr;ksa dk
;ksx vUR; ;ksx gSA tSlsµ jke +% (lq) = jke] nsoe~] nsokuke] nsok;] nsoL; vkfn vaR; ;ksx gSaA

fgUnh esa yM+dk] yM+osQ] yM+dksa osQ fy,] yM+dksa esa vkfn ijlxZ dh foHkfDr;k¡ gSA yM+dksa rFkk yM+dh esa Hkh ijlxZ
tksM+dj fyax vkSj opu dk fu/kZj.k fd;k x;k gSA vaxzsth esa Read ls Reader, Plead ls Pleader, Teach
ls Teacher, Play ls Played, Go ls Going vkfn vaR; ;ksx osQ mnkgj.k gSaA
5- èofu izfrLFkku (Replacing)µ bls èofu foo`Qfr (Phonetic medification) ;k viJqfr (Vocatic ablaut)
Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa 'kCn ;k izo`Qfr osQ Loj vFkok O;atu ;k ek=kkvksa esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA
dHkh&dHkh Lojksa esa ifjorZu ls lEcU/ rÙo izdV fd;s tkrs gSaA tSlsµ Come—Came, Sing—Sang—Sung,
Tooth—Teeth, Foot—Feet vkfnA

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