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Sociological Thought

notes Marx welcomed with great enthusiasm the rebellion of the weavers of Silesia. Due to this the Prussian
government pressurized the french government to banish Marx. In February 1845 he went to Brussels,
and started living there. Around this, the co–authored text of Marx and Engels, ‘Holy Family’ was
published, in which the universal historical objective of the proletarial class and its related ideas
were of expressed in a complete course programme. Holy family contains new revolutionary world
philosophy and the fundamental theories of the prolatearial class.
To present worldy theories of history related to social science in a clearer and orderly manner, Marx
and Engels presented their second united effort “German Thinking”. In this, they criticised Hegel’s
emotion, and Hegel’s followers mentally emotional philosophy in detail. The main theoretical pillars
of communism are dialectic materialism and historical materialism.
Marx and Engels paid great importance to preparing the, second congress of the ‘Communist League’.
This Congress took place in the end of November and beginning of December 1847 in London. In
it, the theories promulgated by these two friends were accepted with the agreement of all, and they
were given the task of preparing a communist declaration letter–a Manifesto.

Task What is an intellectual background? Describe briefly.

This manuscript is concerned with the activity programme of scientific communism.
In 1847 Marx wrote ‘The poverty of philosophy’. In this text, he presented for the first time the main
principles of dialetic and historical materialism. In it are mentioned for the first time, all the fundamental
faults and weakness of the whole capitalistic economic system. Marx opposed the beliefs and logic
of capitalist economy and its supporters, and stated that the different beliefs of society and economy
express about social relationship in a theoretical way. These beliefs are everchanging historically, and
after removing the situations that gave birth to them, these beliefs too will disappear. The supporters
had presented a solution to bring about improvement in capitalism. Marx called them illogical, and
tried to prove that in capitalistic society, exploitation, poverty and problems are a part of the system;
and they can only be removed if the capitalist system method of production is removed.

Did You Know? Marx wrote ‘The Poverty of Philosophy’ in reply to Prados book ‘The
Philosophy of Poverty’.

In his text named “class struggle in france” (1848-1850), Marx attempted to use the famous principle
of ‘the rule of the proletariat’. In this book, he has clearly attempt to show that scientific socialism
is completely different from the various types of capitalism, sub–capitalism and welfare socialism.
It has been said here that scientific socialism is “the declaration of the stability of the revolution, it
removes without differentiating all class–differences; it breaks all production relationships based on
those differences; and destroys social relationships developed because of these production–method;
and brings a revolution against all thinking born of these social–relationships, so that the Proletariat
can be declared the ruler in this system which will be brought about by the necessary aggressive
programme to bring about a revolution of the Proletarial.”
In 1857, the first part of Marx’s world–famous text ‘Das Kapital’ was published. The second and
third volume of this book could not be published in his lifetime; Engel published them in 1885

34 LoVeLY professionaL uniVersitY