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Sociological Thought

notes 2. Some __________ writers are such who does not accept the concept of Alienation.
3. ____________ are also in the discussion of the concept of Alienation .

characteristics of alienation

1. De-humanization of worker: In Capitalist society the manufacturing process becomes so
difficult that there is de-humanization of worker. There is no touch of person’s feelings and
momentum with manufactured things. When in the family mother knits sweater for their
children then her love and affection is attached with every needle, and with every colour
of the yarn. The person who wears the sweater also identified himself with the person who
made it. The same woman when works on the loom of the factory then it is only just a physical
labour and there is no emotions or feelings of her is attached with the manufacturing. This
complete process for the worker is just mechanical. Therefore de-humanization comes in the
person in the condition of Alienation.
2. personal Disorganization: Some Non-Marxist said the condition of Alienation Anomic.
This is the condition in which neither the worker accepts the rules and regulations of his
group nor society nor he was conscious for the attainment of characteristics of their system.
The concept of Anomic was put by Durkheim. Later, Robert Merton developed it properly.
If we see it conceptually then according to these thinkers Alienation is a type of Personal
Disorganization.
3. Lack of adaptation with the society: According to some writers, Alienation is that condition
of Proletarian in which the worker does not adapt himself with the group; he then reached
at the condition in which there is no control of society upon him. He only does his work like
some machine- no commitment and no momentum.
4. Diversification from Himself and World: According to Josephson and Josephson in the
Alienation the condition of mind becomes such that person divert himself from himself, from
persons surrounding him and actually from the complete world. According to this writer
Alienation is a personal problem.
5. objective Life method : In the description of Alienation it is also said that it is not just the
emotions and feelings of a person, which break him completely, this is an objective fact- style
of living which not only loth him completely from the factory but from the society also.
6. alienation is a philosophical and sociological category: In the Soviet word dictionary
of Philosophy describing the Alienation A.P. Ogurtsoy says, this is the category in which
there is an objective change in a person’s activities as a result of which all the work actions
of persons becomes secondary and the manufacturing process dominate him.
When we see the process of alienation in its long historical tour, then it becomes clear that it is not
only economical and physical in its form, but also philosophical and historical. Here it should also be
mentioned that Marx has seen this concept in two views: (1) Historical and (2) In the manufacturing
role. It is true that initially the origin of this concept was philosophy of Hegel. When Marx for the first
time put it in the Capital then describes it in view of manufacturing process and historically. This is
different thing that Non-Marxist analyzed this process at psychological and philosophical level.

forms of alienation

There is contribution of other philosophers and sociologist besides Marxist in developing the concept
of Alienation. All these writes in their context presents different forms of Alienation. Here we will
mention some important forms :

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