Page 76 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_HINDI

bdkbZ—9: ,d la?kfVr fl¼kUr osQ :i esa ukrsnkjh% fir`o'kh;] ekr`oa'kh;---

9-1 oa'kkuqØe.k (Descent) uksV

cU/qRo ,oa oa'kkuqØe (Kinship and Descent) ,d gh 'kCn ugha gSaA ;|fi dbZ ckj buesa Li"V vUrj djuk
dfBu gksrk gSA oa'kkuqØe.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djus osQ fy, lkekftd] laLÑfrd ,oa tSfodh; vk/kjksa dk lgkjk
fy;k x;k gSA
fjolZ us oa'kkuqØe 'kCn dks nks vFkks± esa iz;qDr fd;k gSA ,d ml fof/ osQ :i esa ftlls fdlh lewg dh
lnL;rk dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkr gS rFkk nwljk mu vuqjhfr;ksa osQ fy, ftuosQ }kjk lEifÙk] inoh vkSj vf/dkj dk
lapkj.k gksrk gSA oa'kkuqØe.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, fifMaxVu fy[krs gSaµ¶oa'kkuqØe osQ fu;e os gSa tks ,d
O;fDr dh lkekftd lewg esa tUetkr lnL;rk dks fu;fer djrs gSa] ;|fi bl izdkj dh lnL;rk fof'k"V
fLFkfr;ksa esa xksn ysus dh izFkk }kjk izkIr dh tkrh gSA
bl izdkj ls fifMaxVu oa'kkuqØe lewg dh lnL;rk esa tSfodh; vkSj lkekftd nksuksa vk/kjksa dks lfEefyr djrs
gSaA cksguu osQ vuqlkj] ¶tc ,d fookfgr tksM+s ls ,d lUrku iSnk gksrh gS rks mldk mu nksuksa ls lEcU/
oa'kkuqØe lEcU/ osQ uke ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA¸ bl ifjHkk"kk esa cksguu us oa'kkuqØe dks ekrk&firk ,oa cPps osQ
lEcU/ksa dks izdV djus okyh O;oLFkk ossQ :i esa n'kkZ;k gSA ejMkWd fy[krs gSa] ¶oa'kkuqØe iw.kZr% ,d lkaLÑfrd
fl¼kUr dh vksj laosQr djrk gSA ftlesa ,d O;fDr dks lkekftd n`f"V ls ,d fof'k"V¸ jDr lEcU/ cU/qRo
ls tksM+k tkrk gSA iQksjVsl osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d oa'kkuqØe lewg O;fDr;ksa dh ,slh O;oLFkk gS tks oS/ lkekftd
,oa oS;fDr mís';ksa dks izkIr djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA¸
fjolZ us 1907 esa fczfV'k ,lksfl,'ku osQ le{k oa'kkuqØe dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj ls nh gS] ¶oa'kkuqØe dk rkRi;Z
,sls lewg ls gS ftldh lnL;rk tUetkr gS] tgk¡ yksx ;g fuf'pr dj ldrs gSa fd os ekrk&firk esa ls fdl
i{k esa gSaA¸
jSMfDyiQ czkmu oa'kkuqØe dks ,d dkuwuh vo/kj.kk (Jural Concept) ekurs gSaA

uksV~l oa'kkuqØe og tSfodh; ,oa lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd O;oLFkk gS tks lUrkuksa dks muosQ ekrk&firk ,oa
iwoZtksa ls tksM+rh gSA blesa tUe&xr vFkok jDr&lEcfU/;ksa dks gh lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS tks
okLrfod rFkk dkYifud lEcU/ksa esa ca/s gksrs gSa vkSj ;s lEcU/ lekt }kjk ekU; gksrs gSaA
oa'kkuqØe fu/kZj.k dh fof/;k¡ (Methods of Reckoning Descent)

fofHkUu lektksa esa oa'kkuqØe fu/kZj.k dh vyx&vyx fof/;k¡ izpfyr gSa tks rhu i{kksa ls lEcfU/r gSaµ1- fir`i{k]
2- ekr`i{k 3- f}&i{kA
tc ge oa'kkuqØe dh x.kuk firk ,oa ekrk esa ls osQoy ,d i{k osQ vk/kj ij gh djrs gSa rks ;g x.kuk
,di{kh; oa'kkuqØe (Unilateral Descent) dgykrh gSA bl ,di{kh; oa'kkuqØe osQ nks Hksn gSaµ,d esa
x.kuk fir`i{k ls dh tkrh gS] nwljs esa ekr`i{k lsA fir`i{k esa oa'kkuqØe x.kuk iq#"k dh vksj ls dh tkrh gS vFkkZr~
tc ,d O;fDr dk oa'kkuqØe mlosQ firk i{k ls fxuk tkrk gS rks mls fir`oa'kh; oa'kkuqØe (Patrilineal
Descent) dgrs gSaA fir`oa'kh; oa'kkuqØe dk loZizFke iz;ksx jkseokfl;ksa us fd;k Fkk D;ksafd muosQ ;gk¡ fL=k;ksa
osQ }kjk oa'kkuqØe fuf'pr djus osQ fy, dksbZ 'kCn ugha FkkA fir`oa'kh; oa'kkuqØe gesa izkphu jkse] phu rFkk iwohZ
o nf{k.kh vizQhdk osQ i'kqikyd lektksa esa ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA fir`oa'kh; oa'kkuqØe ls lEcfU/r lHkh cU/qvksa
dks fir`&cU/q (Agnates) dgrs gSaA
tc ,d O;fDr dh oa'k x.kuk L=kh i{k vFkkZr~ ekrk dh vksj ls dh tkrh gSA rks mls ekr`oa'kh; oa'kkuqØe
(Matrilineal Descent) dgrs gSa rFkk bl izdkj ls lEcfU/r lHkh cU/qvksa dks lgksnj cU/q (Utarine)

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