Page 81 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_HINDI

ukrsnkjh dk lekt'kkL=k

uksV 10-1 vUo; osQ fu;e (Rule of Descent)

og fl¼kar ;k fl¼karksa dh og lef"V ftlosQ vk/kj ij fdlh osQ fj'rsnkjksa dk fu/kZj.k gksrk gS rduhdh :i
ls vUo; ;k mÙkjkf/dkj osQ fu;e dgykrs gSaA vUo; (MhlsaV) osQ ewyr% rhu fu;e gSa% fir`oa'kh;] ekr`oa'kh;
vkSj mHk;oa'kh;A
fir`oa'kh; vUo; osQ fu;e osQ vuqlkj izR;sd O;fDr LokHkkfod :i ls vius firk osQ lejDr ukrsnkjh lewg
dk lnL; cu tkrk gS ijUrq og ek¡ osQ lejDr ukrsnkjh lewg dk lnL; ugha gksrkA
ekr`oa'kh; vUo; esa O;fDr viuh ek¡ osQ lejDr ukrsnkjh lewg dk lnL; cu tkrk gS ij firk osQ lejDr lewg
dk lnL; ugha cu ikrkA
f}oa'kh; ;k mHk;oa'kh; iz.kkyh esa ,d O;fDr vius firk osQ oa'k osQ oqQN jDr lacaf/;ksa dk mÙkjkf/dkjh gksrk
gS ij lHkh dk ugha vkSj blh izdkj viuh ek¡ osQ rn~uq:ih jDrlacaf/;ksa dk Hkh mÙkjkf/dkj izkIr djrk gSA
Bksl lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd 'kk;n dksbZ Hkh lekt f}oa'kh; vUo; ij iw.kZr% vk/kfjr ugha gSA blh izdkj dksbZ
Hkh lekt iw.kZr% ,d oa'kh; Hkh ugha gS vxj ge ,d oa'kh; 'kCn dk eryc ;g le>rs gSa fd ,d dks (ekr`i{k
;k fir`i{k) nwljs i{k dh fcuk ij vuns[kk dj fn;k tk,A vxj ,d fcuk ij iwoZt osQ vk/kj ij oqQN yksx
fj'rs esa ca/s gksa rks mUgsa jDr&lEcU/h (dksXusV~l) dgrs gSaA vxj mudk iwoZt dksbZ iq#"k gks rks os iSr`d ;k
fir`oa'kh; dgs tkrs gSaA nwljh rjiQ vkSjr dks iwoZt dks ekr`d ;k ekr`oa'kh; ukrsnkj dgs tkrs gSaA

uksV~l os ukrsnkj] tks ,d nwljs ls vUo; }kjk lh/s&lh/s tqM+s gksa] ?kfu"B lEcU/h (yhfu;y fdu) dgykrs
gSa vkSj os tks 'kk[kk osQ :i esa gksrs gSa (tSls&pkpk] Hkrhts vkfn) ,d gh [kkunku osQ lEcU/h
(dksySVjy fdu) rks dgyk;saxs ij ?kfu"B lEcU/h ugha dgyk;saxsA

10-2 ukrsnkjh vè;;u osQ mikxe (Approaches to the Study of Kinship)

eksVs rkSj ij Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh dk vè;;u nks mikxeksa (Approaches) ls gqvk gSµ(1) izkphu xzUFk] (2)
ekuo'kkL=kh; n`f"Vdks.kA Hkkjrh; lekt esa lkekftd laLFkk,¡ ewy :i ls ns'k dh lkfgfR;d rFkk 'kkL=kh;
ijEijkvksa ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA lekt'kkfL=k;ksa us Hkh bu o`Qfr;ksa dks izkP; fo|k (Indology) osQ mikxe ls ns[kk gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy;s osQ- ,e- dikfM+;k vkSj ih- ,u- izHkq us ukrsnkjh osQ vè;;u esa izkphu xzUFkksa dk [kqydj iz;ksx
fd;k gSA oqQN blh rjg bjkorh dosZ vkSj th- ,l- ?kqfj;s us Hkh izkphu xzUFkksa dks vkSj fo'ks"k djosQ laLo`Qr xzUFkksa
dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA ;g fuf'pr gS fd izkphu xzUFkksa osQ bl mikxe us gesa ukrsnkjh dh fujUrjrk dks le>us
esa cgqr lgk;rk nh gSA
ekuo'kkfL=k;ksa us ukrsnkjh dk vè;;u lkekU;r;k nks mikxeksa ls fd;k gS% oa'kØe mikxe (Descent
Approach) vkSj fookg lEcU/h mikxe (Marital Approach)A ftu ekuo'kkfL=k;ksa us oa'kØe mikxe ls
ukrsnkjh dk vè;;u fd;k gS mudk dguk gS fd gesa gekjs fnu&izfrfnu osQ dk;ks± esa vius jDr lEcfU/;ksa ls
lgk;rk feyrh gSA ,sls jDr lEcU/h ek¡&cki vkSj cPps gksrs gSaA tc bu jDr lEcfU/;ksa dks leku oa'kozQe osQ
vk/kj ij ekU;rk nh tkrh gS ;k mldh O;k[;k dh tkrh gS rc ekuo'kkL=kh bUgsa oa'kozQe lewg dgrs gSaA oa'kozQe
lewg osQ N% Lo:i gSaµ
(1) fir`oa'kh; (Patriarchal)
;gk¡ oa'kØe dk fu/kZj.k iq#"k osQ vk/kj ij fd;k tkrk gSA bldk vFkZ gqvk oa'k (Lineage) firk ls iq=k }kjk
pyrk gSA
(2) ekr`oa'kh; (Matriarchal)
bl oa'kØe esa oa'k dk fu/kZj.k ek¡ ls iq=kh dh ijEijk esa pyrk gSA

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