Page 80 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_HINDI

bdkbZ—10: ,d laxBu fl¼kar osQ :i esa ukrsnkjh% oa'kØe lewg] dkWiksZjsV lewg ,oa LFkkuh; lewg

izLrkouk (Introduction) uksV

ge lc fdlh u fdlh ifjokj osQ lnL; vo'; gSaA ifjokj esa gekjs HkkbZ&cfgu gSa] ekrk&firk gSa vkSj 'kk;n
nknk&nknh Hkh gSaA ifjokj esa tgk¡ gekjs HkkbZ gSa ogha HkkHkh vkSj pkph Hkh gSaA ;s lc gekjs ukrsnkj gSaA lPpkbZ ;g
gS fd ifjokj ,d ukrsnkjh lewg gSA m/j gekjh HkkHkh vkSj pkph fdlh vU; ifjokj ls vk;h gSaA muosQ ifjokj
esa muosQ HkkbZ&cfgu vkSj muosQ ekrk&firk gSaA os Hkh gekjs ukrsnkj gSaA gekjs oqQN ukrsnkj gels jDr (Blood) ls
tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj nwljs ukrsnkj fookg (Marriage) ls tqM+s gq, gSaA gekjk HkkbZ vkSj muosQ cPps gels jDr ls tqM+s
gSaA bUgsa ge jDr lEcU/h ukrsnkjh (Blood Kinship) dgrs gSaA nwljh vksj gekjh HkkHkh gekjh ukrsnkj rks gS
ysfdu mlosQ lkFk gekjk lEcU/ fookg osQ dkj.k gqvk gSA gekjs HkkbZ muls fookg djosQ gekjs ;gk¡ yk;s gSaA
og gekjh fookg ukrsnkj (Marital Kin) gSA bl Hkk¡fr fdlh Hkh ifjokj esa nks rjg osQ ukrsnkj gksrs gSaµ jDr
lEcU/h ukrsnkj vkSj fookg lEcU/h ukrsnkjA gekjk ;g ns'k ,dkf/d ,FkfuflfV;ksa vFkkZr~ laLo`Qfr;ksa dk ns'k gSA
blh dkj.k mÙkj dh ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk nf{k.k dh ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk ls ,dne fHkUu gSA bu nksuksa Hkkxksa esa ukrsnkjh
dh izo`Qfr gh fHkUu gSA oSls ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk ij lkekftd ekuo'kkL=k esa dbZ egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z gq, gSaA fiQj Hkh
'kh"kZ dk;ks± esa nks dk;Z mYys[kuh; :i ls gekjs lkeus vkrs gSaA bjkorh dosZ us cgqr igys Hkkjrh; ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk
dk ,d vf/o`Qr vè;;u viuh iqLrd fduf'ki vksjxsukb”ks'ku bu bf.M;k (Kinship Organisation in

India, 1965) esa j[kk gSA bjkorh dosZ ,d ew/ZU; lkekftd ekuo'kkL=kh jgh gSaA fdlh Hkh n`f"V ls ns[ksa mudh
;g iqLrd ukrsnkjh ij ,d egÙoiw.kZ nLrkos”k gSA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; lekt dks pkj egk{ks=kksaµmÙkjh] eè;] nf{k.kh
vkSj iwohZ esa ck¡Vdj ukrsnkjh osQ Lo:iksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ,slk djosQ mUgksaus HkkSxksfyd {ks=k] Hkk"kk] izns'k rFkk
ca/qRo Lo:iksa osQ vUrj lEcU/ksa dk foLr`r o.kZu fd;k gSA
bjkorh dosZ osQ vè;;u osQ ckn oqQN vkSj vè;;u Hkh gq, gSaA mÙkjh {ks=k esa gq, vè;;uksa esa ,-lh- ek;j vkSj
Vh- ,u- enku dk uke mYys[kuh; gSA nf{k.kh {ks=k esa osQFkyhu xI + kQ] yqbZ MÔweksa vkSj fofy;e esdksjesd osQ
;ksxnku egÙoiw.kZ gSaA ysfdu ;s lc vè;;u vius {ks=k esa lhfer gSaaA budk lEcU/ fdlh ,d {ks=k ;k oqQN xk¡oksa
ls gh jgk gSA tgk¡ bjkorh dosZ ns'k osQ pkj egk{ks=kksa dh fofHkUurk dks crkrh gS] ogk¡ MÔweksa ,d lhfer {ks=k
dh lekurk dks crkrs gSaA ukrsnkjh osQ bu vè;;uksa esa ge ftl nwljh iqLrd dk mYys[k djuk pkgrs gSa og
'kksfHkrk tSu dh iqLrd Hkkjr esa ifjokj] fookg vkSj ukrsnkjh (jkor] 1996] t;iqj) gSA is'ks ls 'kksfHkrk
ekuo'kkL=k esa fo'ks"kK gSaA mUgksaus fgUnh Hkk"kk osQ ekè;e ls viuh bl iqLrd esa fir`oa'kh; vkSj ekr`oa'kh; ukrsnkjh
dk cgqr vPNk vè;;u fd;k gSA

;g lgh gS fd mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr dh ukrsnkjh esa fo"kerk gSA ysfdu ;g Hkh lgh gS fd ukrsnkjh osQ bu
nks izfrekuksa esa cgqr cM+h lekurk Hkh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, nksuksa {ks=kksa esa vf/ekU; fookg (Preferential

Marriage) dks Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd oqQN ukrsnkj ,sls gSa ftuosQ lkFk fookg lEcU/ j[kuk
ilan fd;k tkrk gSA nwljk] mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k nksuksa gh {ks=kksa esa HkkbZ&cfgu esa fookg fu"ks/ gSA bu lekurkvksa osQ
vfrfjDr bu nksuksa {ks=kksa esa ukrsnkjh osQ izfrekuksa esa vUrj gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy;s mÙkjh {ks=k esa fir`oa'kh; o ifr
LFkkfud lkoZHkkSfed gksrs gSa tcfd nf{k.kh {ks=k esa fir`oa'kh; ifjokjksa dh iz/kurk gksrs gq, Hkh oqQN leqnk;ksa esa
ekr`oa'kh; o iRuh LFkkuhd ifjokjksa dk izHkqRo gksrk gSA nf{k.k esa la;qDr ifjokj dk Lo:i FkkjokM+ esa feyrk
gSA uk;jksa esa FkkjokM+ O;oLFkk esa efgyk iwoZ”kksa }kjk 'kq: dh x;h oa'k ijEijkvksa ls oa'kozQe (Descent) pyrk
gSA ,d rkjokM+ esa e`r ,oa thfor lHkh lnL;ksa dh fxurh dh tkrh gSa ogk¡ tc FkkjokM+ cM+k gks tkrk gS rks
O;oLFkk osQ fy;s bls rko”kh ck¡V fn;k tkrk gSA rko”kh dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS ek¡ dh ijEijk] vFkkZr~ ek¡ osQ vk/kj
ij cuh ikfjokfjd bdkbZ ;k ek¡ vkSj mlosQ cPpsA ,d gh FkkjokM+ ls fudyh rkof”k;ksa osQ lnL; vkil esa fookg

ugha dj ldrs vkSj tUe ej.k osQ le; os leku :i ls lwÙkd&ikÙkd osQ fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gSaA

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