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lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV Kkr djus dk ,d rjhdk ;g gS fd ge oqQN le; ckn mUgha lwpuknkrkvksa osQ ikl ,d ckj fiQj
iz'ukoyh dks HkstsaA ;fn nksuksa iz'ukofy;ksa osQ mÙkjksa esa lekurk gks rks iz'ukoyh fo'oluh; ekuh tk,xh
vkSj varj gksus ij vfo'oluh;A ¯drq bl chp lwpuknkrk dh lkekftd ,oa ekufld ifjfLFkfr esa Hkh
dksbZ varj ugha vkuk pkfg, vU;Fkk mÙkj Hkh fHkUu izkIr gks ldrs gSaA
2- leku oxZ dk vè;;u (Study of Similar Group)µ'kksèk dh fo'oluh;rk dh ij[k osQ fy, mlh
iz'ukoyh dks leku fo'ks"krkvksa okys fdlh vU; lewg osQ ikl Hkh Hkjus osQ fy, Hkstk tk ldrk gSA ;fn
nksuksa ls izkIr gksus okys mÙkjksa esa lekurk gks rks iz'ukoyh fo'oluh; gS vU;Fkk ughaA

3- mi&fun'kZu dk iz;ksx (Use of Sub-sample)µ'kksèk dh fo'oluh;rk dh ij[k osQ fy, ,d fofèk
;g gS fd ftl cM+s lewg dk geus vè;;u fd;k gS] mlh esa ls ,d NksVk fun'kZu pqudj muosQ ikl
iz'ukoyh Hksth tk,A ;fn nksuksa osQ ifj.kkeksa esa cgqr oqQN lekurk gks rks iz'ukoyh dks fo'oluh; ekuk
tk ldrk gSA

4- vU; vuqlaèkku fofèk;ksa dk iz;ksx (Use of other Research Methods)µ'kksèk dh fo'oluh;rk
dks Kkr djus osQ fy, lk{kkRdkj] vuqlwph ,oa voyksdu vkfn fofèk;ksa }kjk Hkh mUgha iz'uksa osQ mÙkj Kkr
fd;s tk,¡A ;fn vU; fofèk;ksa ls Hkh ogh mÙkj izkIr gksrs gSa rks iz'ukoyh fo'oluh; ekuh tkuh pkfg,A

5- lkekU; vuqHko (Common Experience)µ'kksèk dh fo'olh;rk dks Kkr djus dk lcls ljy
rjhdk ;g gS fd ge mUgsa vius lkekU; Kku osQ }kjk ij[ksaA ;fn mÙkj lkekU; ,oa izpfyr Kku osQ foijhr
gS rks os vfo'oluh; ekuh tk,¡xhA

10-4 lkjka'k (Summary)

rF; ;k vk¡dM+k ladyu 'kksèk izfØ;k dk egÙoiw.kZ pj.k gSA ftl izdkj b±V] pwuk&iRFkj] lhesaV]
ydM+h] yksgs vkfn osQ fcuk fdlh Hkou dk fuekZ.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk Bhd mlh izdkj rF;ksa ;k
lkexzh osQ fcuk 'kksèk dk dk;Z laiUu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

rF; nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµizkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d rF;A
izkFkfed rF;ksa dk ladyu izFke ckj 'kksèkdrkZ ;k mlosQ lgk;dksa }kjk {ks=kh; dk;Z osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k
tkrk gSA f}rh;d rF; osQ varxZr os rF; vkrs gSa ftldk ladyu fdlh vU; vè;;udrkZ] 'kksèkdrkZ
;k fdlh laxBu }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA

10-5 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

1- lead@rF; (data)µfdlh ?kVuk ls lacafèkr ,slh O;ofLFkr tkudkjh] ftlosQ vkèkkj ij dksbZ
fu"d"kZ fudkys tk ldrs gSa vFkok fl¼kar dh tk¡p dh tk ldrh gS] lead vFkok rF; dgykrh
gSA ;g tkudkjh Kkr vFkok miyCèk lkexzh] vkadM+ksa ;k lwpukvksa osQ :i esa gksrh gSA

2- 'kks/ osQ lk/uµ'kks/ osQ lk/u pkgs fdruh gh lko/kuhiwoZd cuk;s x;s gksa fiQj Hkh ;g 'kadk cuh
jgrh gS fd blosQ }kjk izkIr lwpuk;sa fo'oluh; gSa ;k ughaA

10-6 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

1- 'kksèk izfØ;k esa vk¡dM+k laxzg.k dh vko';drk dks crk,¡A

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