Page 151 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ15% vuqekiu ,oa ekiu

fl¼kar ;g gS fd ;fn ,d O;fDr fdlh dFku dks Lohdkj ;k vLohdkj djrk gS rks mlosQ vkèkkj ij eukso`fÙk uksV
osQ iSekus esa mls ,d fuf'pr LFkku iznku fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% leL;k mi;qZDr dFkuksa osQ pqukoksa dh gS
ftuosQ vkèkkj ij O;fDr dh eukso`fÙk ;FkkFkZ :i esa vfHkO;Dr gks losQA vr% Jh FklZVu dh fofèk esa oLrq] fo"k;
;k leL;k osQ lacaèk eas dFkuksa dh ,d lwph v[kckjksa esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa ls] yksdlHkk] jkT;lHkk ;k foèkkulHkk
dh dk;Zokgh ls ;k lg;ksfx;ksa osQ erksa ls cukbZ tkrh gSA bu dFkuksa esa iw.kZ LohÑfr ls ysdj iw.kZ vLohÑfr
rd lHkh Js.kh osQ dFkuksa dk lekos'k gksuk pkfg,A bl fofèk osQ vuqlkj lkekU;r% nks&rhu lkS dFkuksa dk laxzg
vko';d gksrk gSA blosQ ckn bu dFkuksa dk laiknu (editing) fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mu dFkuksa dks lwph ls
fudky fn;k tkrk gS ftudk fd dksbZ lacaèk vè;;u&fo"k; ls u gksA ;s dFku ljy] laf{kIr] laiw.kZ] fuf'pr
,oa izR;{k gksus pkfg, ftlls fd O;fDr bUgsa ljyrk ls Lohdkj ;k vLohdkj dj losQA dFkuksa osQ laxzg o
laiknu esa vuqlaèkkudÙkkZ dks O;fDrxr i{kikr ls cpuk pkfg,A blosQ i'pkr bu dFkuksa dks pje vuqowQy ls
pje izfrowQy :i rd ,d Øe ls ltk nsuk gksrk gSA blosQ fy, dFkuksa dh udy (copies) djosQ izR;sd dFku
dh ,d&,d izfr ,dkfèkd fo'ks"kKksa ;k fu.kkZ;dksa (Judges) osQ ikl Hksth tkrh gS rkfd muesa ls izR;sd tt
vius&vius fu.kZ; osQ vuqlkj mu dFkuksa dks oqQN Jsf.k;ksa esa ck¡V nsA os dFku tks fd lokZfèkd vuqowQy gSa mUgsa
izFke Js.kh esa rFkk os dFku tks fd lokZfèkd izfrowQy gSa mUgsa uoha ;k X;kjgoha Js.kh esa j[kus osQ fy, fu.kkZ;dksa
dks dgk tkrk gS vkSj bu nksuksa Jsf.k;ksa osQ chp vU; dFkuksa dks ,d Øe ls vuqowQy ls izfrowQy rd fofHkUu
Jsf.k;ksa esa ltk fn;k tkrk gS_ vkSj bl izdkj ukS ;k X;kjg Jsf.k;ksa eas leLr dFkuksa dks Øe ls ltk fn;k tkrk
gSA blosQ i'pkr~ bu dFkuksa esa ls izR;sd dFku dks vfèkdrj fu.kkZ;dksa (Judges) us tks vkSlr LFkku fn;k gS
mlh LFkku ij ,d dFku dks iSekus (Scale) esa j[kk tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ dFkuksa dks cgqer osQ vkèkkj ij iSekus osQ
,d Øe esa ltk fn;k tkrk gSA mu erksa ;k dFkuksa dks iSekus esa ugha j[kk tkrk gS ftuosQ lacaèk esa fu.kkZ;dksa
;k ttksa esa i;kZIr erHksn gks var esa] iSekus dk fuekZ.k ,d lhfer la[;k esa mi;qDr <ax ls pqus gq, dFkuksa }kjk
bl izdkj dj fy;k tkrk gS fd laiw.kZ iSekus osQ varxZr fofHkUu dFkuksa osQ fofHkUu LFkku feys gq, gksa vkSj dFku
;k Js.kh vR;fèkd ls U;wure ;k lokZfèkd vuqowQy ls lokZfèkd izfrowQy rd iSQyh gqbZ gksA
bl iSekus dks cukus esa oqQN fo'ks"k lkoèkkfu;k¡ è;ku esa j[kuh pkfg,A tks dFku iSekus esa j[ks tk,¡ mudh Hkk"kk
ljy] lqLi"V] lkFkZd ,oa ifjek£tr gksuh pkfg,_ muesa ls izR;sd dFku dk izR;{k lacaèk O;fDr osQ fdlh fo"k;
ls lacafèkr erksa] fo'oklksa vkSj eukso`fÙk;ksa ls gksA ,sls dFku tks };FkZd ;k vLi"V (ambiguous) gksa] mudk
iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A fo'ks"kKksa ;k ttksa dh la[;k Hkh i;kZIr gksuh pkfg,A dFkuksa dh tk¡p djrs le; ttksa
dks bl ckr dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd os futh fo'okl ;k eukso`fÙk ls izHkkfor gksdj fdlh dFku dks dksbZ
xyr LFkku u ns nsaA

VkLd eukso`fÙk;ksa dks ekius dh D;k&D;k fofèk;k¡ gS\ laf{kIr o.kZu djsaA

15-10 fydVZ iSekuk&fofèk (Likert Method of Scale)

lu~ 1932 esa Jh fydVZ us Jh FklZVu ls oqQN fHkUu rFkk ljy iSekus dk fuekZ.k fd;k vkSj mldh lgk;rk ls
fofHkUu lewgksa osQ lkezkT;okn (imperialism), varjkZ"Vªh;rk vkSj uhxzks osQ izfr eukso`fÙk;ksa dks tkuus dk iz;kl
fd;kA fydVZ iSekuk fuEufyf[kr <ax ls cuk;k tkrk gSµ

iSekus (scale) dks rS;kj djus osQ fy, ,d oLrq ;k fo"k; ls lacafèkr cgqr ls dFkuksa dks ,df=kr fd;k tkrk

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