Page 147 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ15% vuqekiu ,oa ekiu

osQ fy, iSekuksa dks cukus esa loZizFke dfBukbZ bl dkj.k mRiUu gksrh gS fd lkekftd ?kVuk,¡ tfVy gksrh gSaA uksV
izR;sd lkekftd rF; izk;% dbZ dkjdksa dk ifj.kke gksrk gS vkSj blhfy, ;g fuf'pr djuk dfBu gks tkrk
gS fd iSekus osQ fuekZ.k esa buesa ls fdl dkjd dks egÙo fn;k tk,A lkFk gh ;s lHkh rF; ;k dkjd ,d&nwljs
osQ lkFk brus vfèkd ?kqys&feys gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ muesa bruk vfèkd var% lacaèk var% fuHkZjrk ikbZ tkrh gS fd mudh
vyx&vyx eki ugha dh tk ldrhA
2- lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh vewrZrk (Abstractness of Social Phenomena)µlekt'kkL=kh; iSekus osQ
fuekZ.k esa vkus okyh nwljh dfBukbZ lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh vewrZrk gSA vFkkZr~ ;s xq.kkRed gSa vkSj xq.kkRed rF;ksa
dh x.kukRed ;k ifjek.kkRed (quantitative) :i esa eki ,d dfBu leL;k cu tkrh gSA lkekftd
izfLFkfr] fopkj] izse] i{kikr] ?k`.kk eukso`fÙk vkfn lHkh lkekftd ?kVuk,¡ vewrZ ;k xq.kkRed (qualitative)
gSa vkSj blhfy, ;g leL;k mRiUu gks tkrh gS fd budks xq.kkRed :i esa oSQls vfHkO;Dr fd;k tk,A
3- lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh vlekurk (Heterogeniety of Social Phenomena)µlekt'kkL=kh; iSekuksa
dks cukuk blfy, Hkh vR;fèkd dfBu gks tkrk gS D;ksafd lkekftd ?kVukvksa esa vR;fèkd vlekurk ikbZ tkrh
gSA ekuo lekt esa fofHkUu lewg ik;s tkrs gSaA mudh izR;sd dh viuh laLÑfr] izFkk] ijaijk] vkn'kZ] ewY;] Hkk"kk]
èkeZ] fo'okl] tkfr] iztkfr vkfn gksrh gSa vkSj bUgha osQ vkèkkj ij muesa u tkus fdrus izdkj osQ foHksn gksrs gSaA
blosQ vfrfjDr ,d gh lewg osQ fofHkUu lnL;ksa osQ fopkj] Hkkouk] vkn'kZ] thou ewY;] fo'okl] èkeZ vkfn osQ
vkèkkj ij fofoèkrk,¡ gksrh gSaA bu lcdk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd fdlh Hkh lekt'kkL=kh; iSekus ij iw.kZr;k fuHkZj
ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj u gh ,d lewg osQ fy, rS;kj fd, x, iSekus dks nwljs lewg ij ykxw fd;k tk ldrk
gSA

uksV~l czkã.kksa osQ èkeZ lacaèkh dêðjiu dks ekius osQ fy, ftl iSekus dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xk mls gfjtuksa ij
ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

4- ekuoh; O;ogkj dh ifjorZu'khyrk (Changing Nature of Human Behaviour)µ ekuo&O;ogkj
fujarj ifjorZu'khy gS vkSj lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu osQ lkFk&lkFk euq"; osQ O;ogkjksa esa Hkh vusd izdkj
osQ ifjorZu mRiUu gksrs jgrs gSaA ,d gh fo"k; osQ lacaèk esa vkt tks fopkj gS] oqQN fnuksa osQ i'pkr~ Hkh ogh
fopkj fLFkj jgsxk ,slk dgk ugha tk ldrkA vr% leL;k ;g gksrh gS fd ,d le; fo'ks"k esa rS;kj fd;k x;k
dksbZ Hkh iSekuk nwljs le; ij ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrkA blls Lor% gh iSekuk fuekZ.k djus dk dk;Z vR;ar
dfBu gks tkrk gSA

5- lkekftd ewY;ksa osQ lkoZHkkSfed eki dk vHkko (Absence of Universal Measurement of
Social Values)µlkekftd ewY;ksa dks ekius osQ fy, dksbZ Hkh loZizpfyr ;k loZekU; eki ugha gSA vk£Fkd
oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ksa dks ekius osQ fy, nzO; (money) ,d lkoZHkkSfed eki gSA ysfdu bl lalkj dk dksbZ Hkh eki
lkekftd ewY;ksa dks ekius osQ fy, miyCèk ugha gSA ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd izR;sd O;fDr ,oa lewg lkekftd
?kVukvksa ;k rF;ksa dk ewY;kadu vius&vius n`f"Vdks.k ls djrs gSaA blls ukuk izdkj dh fofoèkrk,¡ vkSj tfVyrk,¡
mRiUu gksrh gSaA ftlosQ dkj.k iSekus osQ fuekZ.k dk dk;Z dfBu gks tkrk gSA
6- iz;ksx'kkyk&fofèk dks ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk (Laboratory Method can not be
applied)µlkekftd ?kVukvksa dh ,d vkSj mYys[kuh; deh ;g gS fd bldh fo'ks"krkvksa osQ lacaèk esa tkudkjh
izkIr djus osQ fy, iz;ksx'kkyk&i¼fr dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ,slh fLFkfr esa fofHkUu rF;ksa osQ lkisf{kd
egÙo dk irk yxkuk vR;ar dfBu gksrk gS vkSj blosQ fcuk iSekuksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh ljyrkiwoZd ugha fd;k tk
ldrk gSA

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