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lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV vko';drk gksrh gS] vr% ;g fofèk fdlh O;fDr osQ ctk; ljdkjh ;k v¼Z&ljdkjh laxBuksa }kjk iz;qDr
gksrh gSA bl fofèk esa dk;Z dk c¡Vokjk gksus rFkk ?kVuk osQ lkekftd] vk£Fkd] jktuhfrd] euksoSKkfud
,oa vU; i{kksa dk lkFk&lkFk vè;;u gksus ls mlosQ ckjs esa foLr`r tkudkjh izkIr djus osQ ykHk izkIr
gksrs gSa] ;|fi blosQ ,d [kphZyh iz.kkyh gksus ls lkekU;r% bldk iz;ksx cgqr de gh fd;k tkrk gSA

19-3 lgHkkxh voyksdu osQ xq.k (ykHk) (Merits of Participant Observation)

lkekftd vuqlaèkku esa lgHkkxh voyskdu dk egÙo mlosQ fuEukafdr xq.kksa ;k ykHkksa ls Li"V gS%
1- foLr`r lwpuk,¡ (Wider Informations)µbl fofèk esa vè;;udÙkkZ lewg dh lHkh xfrfofèk;ksa esa Hkkx
ysrk gS] vr% mlosQ ckjs esa foLr`r lwpuk,¡ ladfyr dj ldrk gSA bruh foLr`r lwpuk,¡ iz'ukokyh] vuqlwph]
lk{kkRdkj vFkok vU; fofèk;ksa ls Kkr ugha dh tk ldrhaA

2- lw{e ,oa xgu vè;;u (Minute and Intensive Study)µbl vè;;u fofèk esa vè;;udrkZ Lo;a
?kVukLFky ij mifLFkr gksrk gS vkSj lewg osQ thou esa Hkkx ysrk gS] vr% og lewg osQ ckjs esa NksVh&ls&NksVh
ckrksa dk Hkh xgjkbZ ls vè;;u dj ysrk gSA

D;k vki tkurs gSa bl fofèk dh xgurk o lw{erk dks izdV djrs gq, tgksMk ,oa oqQd fy[krs gSa] ¶lfØ;
lgHkkfxrk mu lwpuk Ïksrksa osQ }kj [kksyrh gS tks vU;Fkk can gh jg ldrs FksA¸

3- izR;{k vè;;u (Direct Study)µbl fofèk esa voyksdudrkZ lkekftd O;ogkjksa dk izR;{k :i ls
vè;;u djrk gS] vr% mldh tkudkjh vfèkd lgh ,oa oSKkfud gksrh gSA vè;;udrkZ vLFkk;h :i ls lewg
esa jgrk gS] yksxksa osQ O;ogkjksa] dk;Zdykiksa] laLÑfr vkfn osQ ckjs esa izR;{k :i ls rF;ksa dk ladyu djrk gSA
blosQ fy, og yksxksa ls ?kfUk"B ,oa vkSipkfjd lacaèk Hkh LFkkfir djrk gSA

4- okLrfod O;ogkj dk vè;;u (Study of Actual Behaviour)µpw¡fd lgHkkxh voyksdudrkZ dks
lewg osQ lnL;ksa }kjk Hkh viuk fy;k tkrk gS] vr% os mlosQ lkeus Ñf=ke O;ogkj ugha djrs tSlk fd vutku
yksxksa osQ le{k fd;k tkrk gS] vr% bl fofèk }kjk yksxksa osQ okLrfod O;ogkj dk vè;;u djuk laHko gSA
tgksMk ,oa oqQd us Hkh blh rF; dks Li"V djrs gq, fy[kk gS] ¶lkeqnkf;d thou esa lgHkkfxrk okLro esa
voyksdudrkZ dh fLFkfr esa ^LokHkkfodrk* dks c<+krh gSA¸
5- vfèkd fo'oluh;rk (Greater Reliability)µpw¡fd bl fofèk esa vè;;udrkZ Lo;a lwpuk,¡ ladfyr
djrk gS] vr% os vfèkd fo'oluh; gksrh gSaA nwljksa osQ }kjk ?kVukvksa dks rksM+&ejksM+dj izLrqr djus ls ?kVuk,¡
fo'oluh; ugha jg ikrha] lgHkkxh voyksdu bl nks"k ls eqDr gSA

6- laxzghr lwpukvksa dh lR;kiu'khyrk (Verifiability of Collected information)µbl fofèk esa
voyksdudrkZ }kjk lax`ghr lwpukvksa dh lR;rk dh tk¡p Hkh dj yh tkrh gS D;ksafd vè;;udrkZ Lo;a leqnk;
dh xfrfofèk;ksa esa Hkkx ysrk gSA vr% vk'kadk gksus ij iqu% oSlh gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vkus ij og rF;ksa dk iquiZjh{k.k
dj ldrk gSA

7- ljy vè;;u (Easy Study)µpw¡fd lgHkkxh voyksdu esa voyksdudrkZ lewg dk lnL; cu tkrk gS]
ml ij lansg ,oa vfo'okl ugha fd;k tkrk] vr% og fcuk jksd&Vksd osQ lewg osQ lHkh dk;ZØeksa esa Hkkx ysrk
gS vkSj ljyrk ls mudk vè;;u dj ldrk gSA pw¡fd vè;;udrkZ dks ckj&ckj vè;;u {ks=k esa ugha tkuk iM+rk
gS] blfy, ;g ,d lqfoèkkiw.kZ vè;;u fofèk Hkh gSA

180 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY