Page 213 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ24% lkekftd 'kksèk esa i¼rh; nqfoèkk,¡ ,oa eqís

;g gks ugha ldrk fd jkr esa gesa lwjt dk izdk'k feys] ij ;g gks ldrk gS fd eerke;h ikfydk dgykus uksV
okyh ek¡ vius cPps dh gR;k Lo;a dj nsA lkekftd ?kVuk,¡ blh izdkj osQ vusd vuks[ksiu ls] vusd
fofp=krkvksa o fofoèkrkvksa ls Hkjiwj gSaA

24-1 lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh tfVyrk (The Complexity of Social Phenomena)

lkekftd ?kVukvkas dh ,d mYys[kuh; fo'ks"krk budh tfVyrk gSA Jh yqaMcxZ (Lundberg) us fy[kk gS fd
laHkor% ekuo&lewg&O;ogkj lacaèkh ,d okLrfod foKku osQ fodkl esa lokZfèkd mYys[kuh; ckèkk bldh
fo"k;&lkexzh dh tfVyrk gSA vius HkkSfrd ,oa lkekftd izHkkoksa osQ izfr vR;ar laosnu'khy rFkk vius vla[;
lkaLÑfrd] euksoSKkfud rFkk eu&fe”kkt lacaèkh fo'ks"krkvksa lfgr ekuo&lewg bruk vfèkd tfVy] bruk
vfèkd nqcksZèk izrhr gksrk gS fd gekjk efLr"d gh pdjk tkrk gS vkSj ml vFkkg tfVyrk dh nqfu;k esa izos'k
dj ekuo&lewg osQ O;ogkj osQ Øeksa] O;oLFkkvksa vkSj fu;eksa dks <w¡<+us dk nqLlkgl gh ge ugha dj ikrs gSaA
lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh vFkkg tfVyrk osQ nks&,d mnkgj.k ;gk¡ izLrqr fd, tk ldrs gSa% ,d ifr viuh iRuh
osQ fy, ,d vkKkdkjh lsod cu ldrk gS] ij gks ldrk gS fd nwljk ifr ^nsork* ls fUkEu fdlh fLFkfr dks
Lohdkj djus ls badkj djrk gS_ rks ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd rhljk ifr O;kogkfjd rkSj ij ifr&iRuh osQ lacaèk
dks ^fiz; ckaèko o ckaèkoh* osQ leku lacaèk ekudj gh viuh iRuh osQ lkFk O;ogkj djrk gS_ ij ,d pkSFkk ifr
viuh iRuh dks [kkuk idkus vkSj cPpk mRiUu djus okyh ek=k le>dj ;kj&nksLrksa dks ysdj gh ekSt mM+krk
gS rks ,d nqjkpkjh] iRuh dks ekjus&ihVus okyk ik¡pok¡ ifr D;k ekywe fdl ;a=kcy ls jkrksajkr ^vPNk ifr* cu
tkrk gS_ ,d ifr dks dkyh choh dk xe gS rks nwljk ifr ?kj ij vfr lqanj iRuh dks jksrk NksM+dj Dyc o
ik£V;ksa esa nwljksa dh cgw&csfV;ksa osQ lkFk izse dk ukVd [ksyrk fiQjrk gS_ ,d ifr viuh iRuh osQ I;kj esa thrk
gS] rks nwljk ifr mlh osQ I;kj osQ fy, rjldj ejrk gSA blh Øe ls bl iqLrd osQ lHkh i`"Bksa dks Hkjk tk ldrk
gS] fiQj Hkh ifr;ksa dh tfVyrk vfèkdkfèkd c<+rh gh tk,xhA bl tfVyrk osQ lkxj esa Mqcdh yxkus dk lkgl
^'kk;n* de yksx gh ilan djsaxsA

osQoy bl ,d mnkgj.k ls ;g Li"V gS fd lkekftd lacaèk o ?kVuk,¡ vfr tfVy gSaA izR;sd ekuo&O;ogkj
;k lacaèk vusd izdkj osQ HkkSfrd] lkekftd] euksoSKkfud] vk£Fkd vkfn dkjdksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr ,oa izHkkfor gksrk
gSA vr% fdl dkjd dk fdruk izHkko gS] ;g tkuuk vR;ar dfBu gSA ;s dkjd osQoy vusd gh ugha gSa] vfirq
buesa ifjorZu'khyrk Hkh gSµD;k ekywe dkSu lh ph”k ml nqjkpkjh ifr dks [kVd xbZ fd og nqjkpkjh ls ,dk,d
vPNk ifr cu x;kA bruk gh ugha] ;fn fdlh lkekftd lacaèk ;k O;ogkj dh lHkh 'kfDr;ksa ;k dkjdksa dks
ekywe Hkh dj fy;k tk, rks Hkh mlosQ lkis{k (relative) izHkko vFkok egÙo dks fuèkkZfjr djuk vR;ar dfBu
gSA

ijarq bu dfBukb;ksa dk rkRi;Z ;g ugha gS fd bu tfVyrkvksa osQ chp oSKkfud i¼fr dks mfpr LFkku fn;k gh
ugha tk ldrkA bu tfVyrkvksa dh nqfu;k esa Hkh lR; dk vUos"k.k laHko gSA ,slh vk'kk Jh yqaMcxZ
(Lundberg) us fuEufyf[kr vkèkkjksa ij O;Dr dh gSµ
(d) ;g lp gS fd lkekftd ?kVuk,¡ tfVy gSaA fdlh Hkh lkekftd lewg dh O;ogkj lacaèkh bu leLr
tfVyrkvksa osQ chp Hkh oqQN izfrekuksa (patterns), vuqØeksa (sequences) rFkk O;oLFkk (order) dks ns[kk
tk ldrk gSA mldk O;ogkj Åijh rkSj ij tfVy vo'; gS] ij bl tfVyrk dk vFkZ vO;oLFkk] vkdfLedrk
o vfuf'prrk ugha gS fd mlosQ lacaèk esa dksbZ HkfOk";ok.kh laHko gh u gksA blosQ foijhr vxj è;ku ls ns[kk
tk, rks ge ;gh ik,¡xs fd lkekftd euq"; o lewg osQ O;ogkj esa Hkh fu;ferrk] O;oLFkk] Øec¼rk vkSj
le:irk dk furkar vHkko ugha gSA blhfy, ,d fuf'pr voLFkk osQ varxZr mldk O;ogkj fdl izdkj dk gksxk
bldk oSKkfud vè;;u djuk vkSj mlosQ lacaèk esa cgqr&oqQN fuf'pr Hkfo";ok.kh djuk gekjs fy, laHko gSA

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