Page 216 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV

uksV~l ^oLrqfu"B* ;k ^O;fDrfu"B* ;s 'kCn nks fofHkUu izdkj dh ?kVukvksa osQ vkarfjd xq.kksa dh vksj laosQr
ugha djrs] vfirq ;g crkrs gaS fd ge fdl Lrj rd vius fujh{k.k osQ ifj.kkeksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus
osQ fy, ijh{k.k&;ksX; lkèkuksa dks fodflr dj ik, gSaA

mfpr izfofèk;ksa osQ vHkko eas tks ?kVuk vkt rd O;fDrfUk"B Fkh] dy dks ogh ?kVuk lgh izfofèk osQ fodflr
gksus ls oLrqfu"B cu ldrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] FkekZehVj osQ vkfo"dkj gksus ls igys Toj&rki dks MkWDVj de] T;knk
;k cgqr T;knk tSls xq.kkRed 'kCnksa osQ iz;ksx }kjk vfHkO;Dr djrs Fks vkSj ml voLFkk eas Toj&rki
(temperature) ,d O;fDrfu"B (subjective) ?kVuk Fkh] ij Toj&rki ukius vkSj mls la[;kRed :i eas
vfHkO;Dr djus dk ;a=k FkekZehVj dk vkfo"dkj gksrs gh og Toj&rki tks rc ,d O;fDrfu"B Fkk vc ,d
oLrqfu"B (objective) ?kVuk cu xbZ gSA
vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd lekt'kkL=k osQ rF;ksa rFkk HkkSfrd foKkuksa osQ rF;ksa esa ik, tkus okys varj Li"V gksrs
gq, Hkh okLrfod ugha gSA ge lekt'kkL=k dh rqyuk esa HkkSfrd foKku osQ rF;ksa dks vfèkd izR;{k o oLrqfu"B
:i esa blhfy, ugha tkurs gSa fd bueas dksbZ var£ufgr Hksn gS] vfirq blhfy, tkurs gSa fd izkÑfrd foKku dh
izfofèk;k¡ vfèkd mUur gSaA Jh yqaMcxZ (Lundberg) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶Lo;a rF;ksa esa ik, tkus okys dksbZ vkarfjd
Hksn ugha] vfirq gekjs vè;;u dh vfodflr izfofèk (technique) o i¼fr'kkL=k (methodology) vkSj
mlosQ dkj.k rF;ksa ls gekjh vifjfprrk okLro esa os dfBukb;k¡ gSa tks fd lekt osQ ,d ;FkkFkZ foKku dh
laHkkouk dks jksdrh gSaA¸

24-3 lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh xq.kkRedrk (Qualitativeness of Social Phenomena)

HkkSfrd ?kVukvksa rFkk lkekftd ?kVukvksa osQ chp ,d vkSj varj] ftldk fd mYys[k vR;fèkd fd;k tkrk gS]
;g gS fd HkkSfrd ?kVuk,¡ ifjek.kkRed (quantitative) gksrh gSa tcfd lkekftd ?kVuk,¡ xq.kkRed
(qualitative)A ?kVukvksa dh xq.kkRedrk oSKkfud vè;;u osQ iFk ij ,d ckèkk cu tkrh gS D;ksafd HkkSfrd
;k izkÑfrd ?kVukvksa dh Hkk¡fr lkekftd ?kVukvksa dks ifjek.kkRed :i ls ukik ugha tk ldrkA uki] rkSy ;k
?kVukvksa dh x.kukRed vfHkO;fDr vuqHkokfJr (empirical) vè;;u osQ fy, ijeko';d gSA ge lg;ksx]
la?k"kZ] laLÑrhdj.k] èkk£ed }s"k] i{kikr vkfn dh ckrsa dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu ifjek.kkRed :i ls mUgsa uki ugha
ldrsA blh izdkj lekt'kkL=kh dks ewY;] vkn'kZ] ijaijk] fopkj] euksHkko vkfn xq.kkRed fo"k;ksa dk vè;;u
djuk iM+rk gS vkSj mudk ifjek.kkRed uki laHko ugha gksrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ifRk&iRuh esa ik, tkus okys lg;ksx
o izse&Hkko dk] nks nksLrksa osQ chp ikbZ tkus okyh ?kfUk"Brk o vkarfjdrk dk vFkok nks fojksèkh nyksa osQ chp
esa rukoiw.kZ lacaèkksa dk fooj.kkRed fooj.k izLrqr dj ldrs gSa] ij mudks ifjek.kkRed :i esa izLrqr djuk gekjs
fy, dfBu gksrk gSA xq.kkRed ?kVukvksa dh ,d cgqr cM+h deh ;g gS fd mUgsa izR;sd O;fDr vius futh
n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[krk gS vkSj le>rk gSA ;fn ge ;g dgrs gSa fd gekjs edku dk {ks=k (area) ^cM+k* gS rks blls
,d O;fDr edku osQ {ks=k osQ fo"k; esa tks ^vuqeku* yxk,xk og nwljs O;fDr osQ vuqeku ls fcYoqQy fHkUu gks
ldrk gS vkSj rhljs O;fDr dk vuqeku bu nksuksa O;fDr;ksa ls fujkyk gks ldrk gSA vr,o okLrfodrk dk irk
yxkuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA

uksV~l ;|fi vusd dfBukbZ dk lkeuk lekt'kkL=kh dks djuk iM+rk gS fiQj Hkh bldk rkRi;Z ;g ugha gS fd
oSKkfud vè;;u laHko ugha gSA

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