Page 214 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV ge ;g crk ldrs gSa fd veqd le; ij ,d veqd O;fDr veqd fuf'pr dk;ks± dks djsxkµog vkèkh jkr
dks mBdj ugha] lksus tkus ls igys jkf=k osQ izFke igj esa Hkkstu djsxk_ fnu esa ugha (;k cgqr de)] jkr esa
lks,xk_ nksigj dks ugha] lqcg iwtk&ikB djsxk_ de&ls&de vius fudV osQ jDr&lacafèk;ksa dks NksM+dj
fookg&lacaèk LFkkfir djsxk] bR;kfnA bl izdkj dk voyksdu lkekftd lewgksa osQ lacaèk esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk
gS tks fd fdUgha fu£n"V voLFkkvksa esa (under given conditions) oqQN fuf'pr izdkj osQ O;ogkjksa dks djrs
gSaA vRk% lkekftd ?kVuk,¡ ;k lkekftd lewgksa dk O;ogkj vO;ofLFkr] tfVy rFkk vFkZghu osQoy muosQ fy,
gS tks fd ?kVukvksa dk voyksdu osQoy Åijh rkSj ij djrs gSaA ftruk vfèkd ge mldk vè;;u djrs gSa vkSj
mldh xgjkbZ rd igq¡pus dk iz;Ru djrs gSa mruk gh og O;ofLFkr] fu;fer rFkk Hkfo";ok.kh djus ;ksX; cu
tkrk gSA

([k) Jh yqaMcxZ (Lundberg) us vkxs vkSj fy[kk gS fd vfèkdkfèkd xgu vè;;u ls lkekftd O;ogkj
dh fujk'kktud tfVyrk o vO;oLFkk Lor% gh xk;c gks tkrh gSA ;g rF; tfVyrk dh okLrfod izÑfr dk
Hkh Li"Vhdj.k djrk gSA vkiosQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶dksbZ Hkh ifjfLFkfr ;k O;ogkj dh ?kVuk rc tfVy gksrh gS tc ge
mls le>rs ugha gSaA tfVyrk lnSo lkisf{kd (relative) gS% ,d O;ogkj&fOk"k; osQ lacaèk eas gekjh tkudkjh
vFkok iw.kZ fu;a=k.k (mastery) osQ lanHkZ esaA -------- nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ekuo&lekt dh tfVyrk vfèkdka'kr% mlosQ
lacaèk esa gekjh vKkurk dk gh ifj.kke gSA¸ ,d jsfM;ks osQ dyiqtsZ (Machinery) gekjs fy, vR;fèkd tfVy
gks ldrs gSa D;ksafd mlosQ lacaèk esa ge oqQN ugha tkurs] ij ,d jsfM;ks eSosQfud osQ fy, ogh dy&iqtsZ fcYoqQy
tfVy ugha gSa D;ksafd muosQ fo"k; esa mls iw.kZ tkudkjh gSA ;g ckr lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh tfVyrk osQ lacaèk
esa dgh tk ldrh gSA blhfy, tfVyrk dh leL;k dks lqy>kus osQ fy, oSKkfudksa us nks rjhdksa dks viuk;k
gSµizFke rks ifjfLFkfr dk ljyhdj.k vkSj f}rh; vfèkd&la[;k rF;ksa dk vè;;u djus osQ fy, vko';d
izfofèk;ksa dk fodklA fdlh foKku dh ifjiDork (maturity) dk uki bl vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gS fd
mi;qZDr fdlh ,d ;k nksuksa rjhdksa dks viukus esa mls fdruh liQyrk feyh gSA HkkSfrd foKku us tks vHkwriwoZ
izxfr dh gS mldk jgL; ;g gS fd HkkSfrd'kkL=kh vusd NksVh&NksVh] ij ijLij lac¼ leL;kvksa dk vè;;u
dj larq"V jgs gSa] tcfd lekt&oSKkfud lhfer leL;kvksa dk foLr`r vè;;u bfrgkl dh n'kZu'kkL=kh; i¼fr
}kjk djus osQ izyksHku ls vius dks vc Hkh iw.kZr;k foeqDr ugha dj ik, gSaA

24-2 lkekftd ?kVukvksa dh O;fDrfu"Brk o vewrZrk

(Subjectivity and Intangibility of Social Phenomena)

HkkSfrd rFkk lkekftd ?kVukvksa ;k rF;ksa osQ chp ik, tkus okys ftl varj dk lokZfèkd mYys[k fd;k tkrk
gS og ;g gS fd HkkSfrd ?kVukvksa dk voyksdu ge izR;{k :i ls viuh bafnz;ksa (senses) osQ }kjk dj ldrs
gSa tcfd vusd lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk bl izdkj izR;{k fujh{k.k laHko ugha gS D;ksafd os vewrZ gksrs gSaA
mnkgj.kkFkZ] laiw.kZ lkekftd lacaèkksa dks gh yhft,A lkekftd lacaèk vewrZ gksrs gSaA mUgsa ge ns[k ;k Nw ugha ldrsA
mUgsa p[kdj ;k lw¡?kdj le>k ugha tk ldrkA ekuoh; Hkkouk,¡] fopkj] vkn'kZ ewY;] izFkk] ijaijk,¡] i{kikr]
izse] Lusgµ;s lc O;fDrfUk"B (subjective) o vewrZ (intangible) gSa] bl dkj.k mUgsa 'kCnksa osQ ekè;e ls
osQOky izrhdkRed :i ls (symbolically) gh le>k tk ldrk gSA bl izrhdkRedrk o vewrZrk dk ifj.kke
;g gksrk gS fd lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk dksbZ fuf'pr oLrqfu"B (objective) Lo:i ugha gksrk ftlosQ dkj.k
lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk n'kZu yksx vius&vius n`f"Vdks.k ls djrs gSa vkSj blhfy, mlesa og oLrqfu"Brk vFkok
rVLFkrk iui ugha ikrh gS tks fd ,d oSKkfud vè;;u osQ fy, ijeko';d gSA
lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk vè;;u fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa Lo;a O;fDr }kjk O;fDr osQ O;ogkjksa dk gh vè;;u gksrk
gSA blosQ dkj.k Hkh gekjs vè;;u esa oLrqfu"Brk iui ugha ikrh gSA ;fn ge fdlh tho&tarq dk ;k isM+&ikSèks

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