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bdkbZµ5% vkxeu ,oa fuxeu i¼fr] izLrko] vo;o ,oa rk£dd Hkze
           Sukanya Das, Lovely Professional University


                                                                                                    uksV



          bdkbZµ5% vkxeu ,oa fuxeu i¼fr] izLrko] vo;o ,oa rk£dd Hkze

             (Induction and Deduction, Propositions, Syllogism and
                                      Logical Fallacies)



             vuqozQef.kdk  (Contents)
             mís'; (Objectives)

             izLrkouk (Introduction)
               5.1 fo"k;&oLrq % rk£dd i¼fr  (Logical Method)

               5.2 fuxeu i¼fr  (Deductive Method)
               5.3 vkxeu i¼fr  (Inductive Method)

               5.4 lkjka'k (Summary)
               5.5 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

               5.6 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
               5.7 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)


          mís'; (Objectives)

          bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsµ

               rk£dd i¼fr dk mi;ksxA
                vkxeu i¼fr dk vFkZ le>ukA
                fuxeu i¼fr osQ xq.k] nks"kksa dh tkudkjhA

          izLrkouk (Introduction)

          fdlh Hkh fo"k; osQ foKku osQ :i esa fodkl esa vè;;u i¼fr;ksa dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA izR;sd foKku
          oqQN fuf'pr vè;;u i¼fr;ksa dk iz;ksx djosQ gh fo'oluh; ,oa izkekf.kd Kku dk ladyu djrk gSA vè;;u
          i¼fr;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij gh ge lkekftd rF;ksa dh ;FkkFkZ O;k[;k] Hkfo";ok.kh ,oa mu ij fu;a=k.k ykxw dj
          ldrs gSaaA dksbZ Hkh fo"k; rHkh foKku dgyk ldrk gS tc og oSKkfud i¼fr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsA
          ek£V.Msy ,oa ekSuspslh us i¼fr dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq, fy[kk gS] ¶i¼fr ls gekjk rkRi;Z ml vè;;u
          fofèk ls gS ftlls foKku vuqHkofl¼ vFkok iz;ksxfl¼ Kku (Empirical Knowledge) dh izkfIr osQ
          fy, viuh vkèkkjHkwr iz.kkfy;ksa dks O;ogkj esa ykrk gS rFkk vius midj.kksa ,oa izfofèk;ksa dk iz;ksx
          djrk gSA¸


          5-1  fo"k;&oLrq % rk£dd i¼fr (Logical Method)

          Jh dkyZ fi;lZu (Karl Pearson) osQ erkuqlkj ¶oSKkfud i¼fr esa fuEufyf[kr y{k.k ik, tkrs gSa (v)



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