Page 59 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ5% vkxeu ,oa fuxeu i¼fr] izLrko] vo;o ,oa rk£dd Hkze

uksV

D;k vki tkurs gSa izksú cks¯YMx (Boulding) us fuxeu i¼fr dks ^ckSf¼d iz;ksx dh iz.kkyh* (method of
intellectual experiment) dgk gSA

pw¡fd okLrfod lalkj tfVy gS] blfy, mldk okLrfod :i esa ,dne vè;;u ugha fd;k tk ldrkA vr%
igys ljy n'kkvksa o ekU;rkvksa dks ysdj pyrs gSa] fiQj èkhjs&èkhjs tfVy ekU;rkvksa dk lekos'k djrs tkrs gSa
rkfd okLrfodrk rd igq¡p tk,¡A
i¼fr osQ xq.k (Merits of the Method)µ(1) ljyrk bl i¼fr dk loZizeq[k xq.k gS D;ksafd blosQ varxZr
vkadM+ksa dks ,df=kr o fo'ysf"kr djus bR;kfn dfBu o tfVy dk;Z ugha djus iM+rs gSa] vfirq blesa osQoy
lkekU; rFkk Lo;afl¼ ekU;rk osQ vkèkkj ij roZQ dh lgk;rk ls fof'k"V fu"d"kZ fudkys tkrs gSaA (2)
fuf'prrk rFkk Li"Vrk bl i¼fr dk nwljk xq.k gSA ;fn Lo;afl¼ rF; (Axioms) rFkk ekU;rk,¡ Bhd gksa]
rks bl i¼fr }kjk fudkys x, fu"d"kZ lkekU;r% fuf'pr] ;FkkFkZ vkSj Li"V gksrs gSa D;ksafd blesa =kqfV;ksa dks roZQ
dh lgk;rk ls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA (3) lkoZHkkSfedrk (Universality) bl i¼fr dk ,d vU; xq.k gSA
bl i¼fr }kjk fudkys x, fu"d"kZ rFkk fu;e gj le; rFkk gj ns'k esa lR; fl¼ gksrs gSa D;ksafd os euq"; dh
izÑfr ;k LoHkko&lacaèkh lkekU; ekU;rkvksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrs gSaA (4) fu"i{krk (Impartiality) bl i¼fr dk
,d mYys[kuh; xq.k gSA pw¡fd bl i¼fr osQ varxZr fu"d"kks± dks lkekU; lR; osQ vkèkkj ij rdZ dh dlkSVh ij
ij[k dj fudkyk tkrk gS] bl dkj.k vuqlaèkkudrkZ fu"d"kks± dks vius fopkj rFkk n`f"Vdks.k ls izHkkfor ugha
dj ldrkA
i¼fr osQ nks"k (Demerits of the Method)µ(1) ;g dgk tkrk gS fd fuxeu i¼fr }kjk izkIr fu"d"kZ
izk;% okLrfodrk ls nwj gksrs gSaA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd blesa ftu ekU;rkvksa dks vkèkkj ekuk tkrk gS
os lnSo lR; ;k okLrfod ugha gksrs ;k va'kr% Bhd gksrs gSaA vr% tks fu"d"kZ fudyrs gSa os ;FkkFkZ o oSKkfud
u gksdj osQoy ^ckSf¼d f[kykSus* (Intellectual toys) ek=k gh gksrs gSaA (2) bl i¼fr }kjk izkIr fu"d"kZ ;k
fu;e lkoZHkkSe (Universal) ugha gksrsA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd lkekftd n'kk,¡ izR;sd lekt vkSj le; esa
,d&lh ugha gksrha] bl dkj.k ,d lekt vkSj le; fo'ks"k osQ lacaèk esa roZQ }kjk fudkys x, fu"d"kks± dks nwljs
lekt o le; ij ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrkA blhfy, izksú,úihú yuZj (A.P. Lerner) dk dguk gS fd
fuxeu vkjke&oqQlhZ fo'ys"k.k (Deductive arm-chair analysis) dks lkoZHkkSfed ugha ekuk tk ldrkA

5-3 vkxeu i¼fr (Inductive Method)

vkxeu i¼fr esa vè;;u&dk;Z fuxeu i¼fr osQ foijhr <ax ls fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ vkxeu i¼fr osQ varxZr
ge fof'k"V ls lkekU;] lw{e ls O;kid lR; dh izfrLFkkiuk djrs gSaA blhfy, bl i¼fr esa roZQ dk Øe
fof'k"V ls lkekU; dh vksj gksrk gS (The process of logic is from particular to general)A vkSj Hkh
Li"V :i esa] bl i¼fr osQ varxZr roZQ osQ lanHkZ esa cgqr&lh fof'k"V ?kVukvksa ;k okLrfod rF;ksa osQ fujh{k.k
o vè;;u osQ vkèkkj ij lkekU; fl¼kar dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA blosQ i'pkr~ vuqHko o iz;ksx osQ vkèkkj
ij bl lkekU; fl¼kar dh tk¡p dh tkrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa dks ,d u ,d fnu ejrs ns[kdj
ge ;g lkekU; fu"d"kZ roZQ osQ vkèkkj ij fudkyrs gSa fd euq"; ej.k'khy gSA mlh izdkj firk }kjk nwljh 'kknh
dj ysus osQ dkj.k ifjokj esa lkSrsyh ek¡ vk tkus ij ;fn ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd dbZ cPps cky&vijkèkh cu x,
gSa rks ;g lkekU; fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd ifjokj esa lkSrsyh ek¡ osQ vk tkus ls cky vijkfèk;ksa dh la[;k
c<+ tkrh gSA ;gk¡ ij roZQ dk Øe fof'k"V ls lkekU; dh vksj gSA Li"V gS fd bl i¼fr esa vuqHkoksa osQ vkèkkj
ij fu;e cuk, tkrs gSa vkSj blhfy, bls vuqHkokfJr i¼fr (empirical method) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA oqQN

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 53