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Quantitative Techniques-II                                      Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University



                      Notes                  Unit 8: Sampling and Sampling Distribution



                                       CONTENTS
                                       Objectives
                                       Introduction
                                       8.1  Meaning of Sampling
                                           8.1.1   Sample Frame
                                           8.1.2   When is a Census Appropriate?
                                           8.1.3   When is Sample Appropriate?

                                       8.2  Sampling Process
                                       8.3  Types of Sample Design
                                           8.3.1   Probability Sampling Techniques
                                           8.3.2   Non-probability Sampling Techniques
                                       8.4  Distinction between Probability Sample and Non-probability Sample
                                       8.5  Errors in Sampling
                                           8.5.1   Sampling Error
                                           8.5.2   Non-sampling Error
                                           8.5.3   Sampling Frame Error
                                           8.5.4   Non-response Error
                                           8.5.5   Data Error

                                           8.5.6   Failure of the Interviewer to Follow Instructions
                                       8.6  Sample Size Decision
                                       8.7  Sampling Distribution
                                       8.8  Summary
                                       8.9  Keywords
                                       8.10 Review Questions
                                       8.11 Further Readings

                                    Objectives

                                    After studying this unit, you will be able to:

                                        Define sampling;
                                        Identify the steps involved in the sampling process;
                                        Discuss the types of sampling design;

                                        Summaries the probability and non-probability sampling;
                                        Explain the types of errors in sampling;

                                        Interpret the sampling size;
                                            Explain the sampling distribution.



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