Page 23 - DCAP313_LAB_ON_COMPUTER_GRAPHICS

Unit 2: Graphics Systems

Shading and Illumination: Phuong’s shading model, texture mapping, bump mapping, Gouraud Notes
shading, shades and background, Colour models etc.

Solid Modelling: Wire-frame, Octrees, Sweep, Boundary demonstrations. Regularized Boolean
set operations, Constructive Solid Geometry.

Curves and Surfaces: Bezier (Bernstein Polynomials) Curves, BSplines, Cubic-Splines, Quadratic
surfaces, parametric and non-parametric forms, Hermite Curves etc.

Miscellaneous: Animation, Fractals, Projection and Viewing, Geometry, Modelling, Image File
formats, Image Morphing, Interaction (sample and event-driven) etc.

Advanced Raster Graphics Architecture: Display Processors, Pipeline and parallel architectures,
multi-processor systems, hybrid architectures.

2.1 Computer Graphics System

The term computer graphics has been used in a broad intellect to explain “approximately
everything on computers that is not text or sound”. Classically, the word computer graphics refers
to several different things: the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer
the diverse technologies used to create and manipulate images the images so produced, and the
sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating
visual content. Today, computers and computer-generated images touch many pieces of daily
life. Computer imagery is found on television, in daily, for example in weather reports, or in all
kinds of medical investigation and surgical procedures. A well-constructed graph can present
complex statistics in a form that is easier to understand and interpret. In the media “such
graphs are used to illustrate papers, reports, thesis”, and other presentation material. There are
many other areas that involve computer graphics, and whether they are core graphics areas is
a matter of opinion. These will all be at least touched on in the text. Such related areas include
the following:

User Interaction: It deals with the interface between input devices such as mice and tablets, the
application, feedback to the user in imagery, and other sensory feedback. Historically, this area
is connected with graphics mainly because graphics researchers had some of the earliest access
to the input/output devices that are now everywhere.

Virtual reality: It attempts to immerse the user into a 3D virtual world. This typically requires
at least stereo graphics and response to head motion. For true virtual reality, sound and force
feedback should be provided as well. Because this area requires advanced 3D graphics and
advanced display technology, it is often closely linked with graphics.

Visualization: this attempt to provide users nearby into complex information by visual display.
Often there are graphic issues to be addressed in a visualization problem.

Image processing: It deals with the manipulation of 2D images and is used in both the fields
of graphics and vision.
3D scanning: It uses range-finding technology to create measured 3D models. Such models
are useful for creating rich visual imagery, and the processing of such models often requires
graphics algorithms.
Computational photography: This deals with the use of computer graphics, computer vision,
and image processing methods to enable new ways of photographically capturing objects,
scenes, and environments.

Visualization is a technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a
message. Visualization through visual imagery has been an efficient way to commune both

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