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Unit 9: Web Designing
electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range Notes
of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the
World Wide Web. A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and
traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. In this unit, we will discuss the
concept of web designing.
9.1 Document Overview
We come across a document typically written in plain text along with formatting instructions of
Hypertext Markup Language. Such a page is called a webpage. A set of related web pages served
from a single web domain constitutes a website. A website is hosted on at least one web server,
accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet
address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively
constitute the World Wide Web.
9.1.1 Working of Web Pages
A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information
resources on the World Wide Web. It connects with the server where the website’s contents are
hosted through a set of rules called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Generally, we notice
the prefix “Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.” when we access a webpage which tells the
browser the protocol to use to execute the particular URL request.
HTML or XHTML format allows easy structuring of information of the and reduces the overhead
of the client’s web browser. To control the way our page looks, we can use CSS (Cascading Style
Sheets). They determine the layout, typographic elements, colour scheme and navigation of the
page. CSS instructions can be either embedded within the HTML web page (valid for that
particular page) or can be included in a separate external file (valid for the whole site).
9.1.2 HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language is the main markup language for creating web pages and other
information that can be displayed in a web browser. It is written in the form of HTML elements
consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. A web
browser is responsible to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web
pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of
the page. The major advantage of HTML is that it is platform independent language that can be
used on any platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. Users can link documents
Hypertext Links or Hyperlinks.
A simple HTML example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello!</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
</body>
</html>
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