Page 220 - DENG401_Advance Communication Skills

Unit 12: Subordinating Conjunctions

Pattern #3: ................., SVC. Lead-in words, phrases, subordinate clauses Notes
A comma separates lead-in words from the SVC.
S V C
Unfortunately, Max broke his leg in the first game of the season.
Nevertheless, he still wants to play hockey next year.
Some common lead-in words
Accordingly Furthermore Moreover Still
Also However Nevertheless Thereafter

Anyway Instead Nonetheless Therefore
Besides Likewise Otherwise Thus
Consequently Meanwhile Similarly Undoubtedly
First Second next Finally

A comma separates lead-in phrases from the SVC.
Sprinting toward the huddle, John twisted his ankle. (present participle phrase)
Annoyed beyond endurance, I told Joey to shut up. (past participle phrase)
Curious about the gift, Annie shook the box. (adjective phrase)

Slowly and carefully, Joan climbed the ladder. (adverb phrase)
To reach the top, Tom leaped and grabbed the branch. (infinitive phrase)
On the way to school, the car stopped running. (prepositional phrase)
hw vbl

Hands shaking, Bill reached for the fire extinguisher. (absolute phrase)
hw vbl
Arms outstretched, Mary ran toward her fiancé. (absolute phrase)

Notes An absolute phrase has a head word (hw) and a verbal (vbl). The verbal is usually
a present or past participle. The phrase provides information about the subject.
Examples of present participles: running watching
Examples of past participle: scared exhausted
Pattern #3: ..................., SVC. Lead-in words, phrases, subordinate clauses

A comma separates lead-in subordinate clauses from the SVC.
A dependent clause begins with a subordinating word or phrase.
after although as as if as though because
before even if even though if once since

so that though that unless until when
where which while who whether whoever

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