Page 191 - DMGT402_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICES_AND_ORGANIZATIONAL_BEHAVIOUR

Management Practices and Organisational Behaviour

Notes

Notes Besides the four basic levels of learning, educational psychologists have developed
several additional levels. These classifications consider what is to be learned. Is it knowledge
only, a change in attitude, a physical skill, or a combination of knowledge and skill? One
of the more useful categorizations of learning objectives includes three domains: cognitive
domain (knowledge), affective domain (attitudes, beliefs, and values), and psychomotor
domain (physical skills). Each of the domains has a hierarchy of educational objectives.
The listing of the hierarchy of objectives is often called a taxonomy. A taxonomy of
educational objectives is a systematic classification scheme for sorting learning outcomes
into the three broad categories (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) and ranking the
desired outcomes in a developmental hierarchy from least complex to most complex.

Caselet Path to Self-learning

hikshantar is an Udaipur based applied research Institute promoting the concept of
home schooling and walking in and walking on—Swapathgami. Manish Jain is the
Sinitiator and promoter of the organisation. The main concept of Shikshantar is to
help the learner choosing one’s own path and learning as per the choice of the learner.
Peter Kowalke is Ohio, USA based journalist who is also associated with the movement of
home schooling. He visited India during an International conference – IDEC- 2004, held at
Bhubaneswar to promote his idea of home schooling.
He says, “In countries like US, home schooling is quite popular. Learners are given enough choice
and freedom to choose among the most attracting options. As a matter of fact, the learners become
happier to learn what they learn and the learning becomes more effective. In fact I am myself a home
schooler and had been quite successful as a journalist. I chart my own path.”
1. How is home schooling related to self-learning?
2. How far will it be successful in India?

Source: Jayantee (Mukherkjee) Saha, Management and Organisational Behaviour, First Edition,
Excel Books, 2006.
9.4 Theories involved in Learning

The most basic purpose of learning theory like any other is to better explain how learning
occurs. Attempts have been made by the psychologists and behavioural scientists to develop
theories of learning.
How do we learn? Four theories have been offered to explain the process by which we acquire
patterns of behaviour:
1. Classical conditioning theory;
2. Operant conditioning theory;
3. Cognitive learning theory; and

4. Social learning theory.

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