Page 164 - DMGT519_Conflict Management and Negotiation Skills

Conflict Management and Negotiation Skills

Notes impress those close to them. Level 4 is where the individual starts to realize what the organization
wants from them so they start to contribute in an all around positive way. Level 5, people are
aware that others have different ways of thinking but hold onto their own. Finally, level 6, an
individual will choose their own ethical behavior over a policy or law.

Task Elucidate the following statements:
1. Stress does not have an exact meaning
2. Stress to the average person is usually looked at in a negative light.

3. Three symbols of power.

8.3 What is Stress?

Stress does not have an exact meaning. There are many different ways to look at it. Stress or the
response to stress is defined as, “the unconscious preparation to the flight or fight that a person
experiences when faced with any demand” (Peterson 1995). The demand on your body is known
as the stressor. Once the stressor is applied there are many reactions, psychologically, physically,
behaviorally, and organizationally.

8.3.1 The Four Approaches to Stress

Homeostatic (also known as the medical approach) was researched by Walter B. Cannon. He
determined that our bodies have an emergency response, the flight or fight. He found that when
aroused, the body goes out of homeostasis, the balanced state.
Cognitive Richard Lazarus emphasized that stress was caused by the environment that the person
is in rather than the body itself. He found that people differ greatly in that respect.
Person Environment Fit approach-Robert Kahn focused on how expectations in a person’s life
and their conflicting roles. The person becomes stressed when they aren’t able to meet the
demands.
Psychoanalytic Harry Levinson took that Freudian approach. He believed that there were two parts
being: #1 Ego-ideal, how they feel about their perfect self. #2 Self image, how they feel about
themselves in respect to their perfect self. If there is any wrong thinking then there is stress
because they feel that they cannot obtain that.



Case Study Resentment of Local Villagers to preserve their
Interest and Government’s Drive towards
Development of that Area by Opening an
Engineering College

Conflict
It is common to hear of conflicts arising out of rural population getting displaced for
development projects. They often charge governments of taking over their lands at prices
considerably lower then the market price. Though sometimes it is also true that for any
future project Government acquires land and the project may take years to take off.
Contd....

158 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY