Page 47 - DMGT520_ORGANIZATION_CHANGE_AND_DEVELOPMENT

Organization Change and Development

Notes Dividing the working environment into four organizational subsystems helps to form the
approach in a holistic way. The four sub-systems, in which changes can be initiated and supported,
are:
 "Organizing Arrangement", for example, workers' council, data security officer,
management levels.

 "Social Factors", for example, announcements, training, internal customer care.
 "Physical Setting", for example, work materials, intranet access, work space.
 "Technology", for example, availability of systems for a large number of users, response
times for research, required computer configuration, installation processes.
This organizational model for planned organizational change describes concrete approaches for
making changes, with the goal of influencing on-the-job behavior of employees in a positive
way. When implementing the Expertise Location Management solution, the various perspectives
(work setting) were taken into consideration and specifically designed. A comprehensive project
plan, which also orients itself to this outline in terms of its strategic goals, can be used as an
instrument for controlling projects.

3.4 The Burke-Litwin Model of Organizational Change

The next model to be examined is the Burke-Litwin model of individual and organizational
performance, developed by Warner Burke and George Litwin. This model shows how to create
first-order and second-order change (which the authors call transactional change and
transformational change).

Figure 3.9: The Transactional Factors Involved in First-order Change

Management
Practices
Systems
Structure (Policies and
procedures)

Work Unit
Climate

Motivation
Task
Requirements Individual
and Individual Needs and
Skills/Abilities Values

Individual and
Organizational
Performance

In first-order change, some features of the organization change but the fundamental nature
of the organization remains the same. First-order change goes by many different labels:
transactional, evolutionary, adaptive, incremental, or continuous change.

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