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Total Quality Management                                             Neha Tikoo, Lovely Professional University




                    Notes                                 Unit 9: Benchmarking


                                     CONTENTS
                                     Objectives

                                     Introduction
                                     9.1  Definition of Benchmarking
                                     9.2  Levels of Benchmarking

                                          9.2.1  Strategic Benchmarking
                                          9.2.2  Operational Benchmarking
                                     9.3  Types of Benchmarking
                                     9.4  Benefits and Reasons of Benchmarking

                                          9.4.1  Reasons for Benchmarking
                                     9.5  Process of Benchmarking

                                          9.5.1  Xerox Twelve-step Process
                                          9.5.2  Motorola’s Five-step Process
                                     9.6  Cost of Benchmarking
                                     9.7  Some Issues of Benchmarking

                                     9.8  Summary
                                     9.9  Keywords
                                     9.10 Review Questions

                                     9.11 Further Readings

                                   Objectives


                                   After studying this unit, you will be able to:
                                       Define Benchmarking
                                       Discuss the Reasons for Benchmarking

                                       Explain the Levels and Types of Benchmarking
                                       Explain the Benefits of Benchmarking
                                       Elaborate the Process of Benchmarking
                                       Discuss the Cost of Benchmarking

                                   Introduction

                                   In the previous unit, we dealt with the concept of continuous process improvement. We also saw
                                   the various techniques applied in CPI such as Juran’s trilogy, Kaizen, Six Sigma, etc.
                                   In this unit, we will learn about benchmarking, reason for benchmarking and the process for it.




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