Page 116 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—5: cgqyokn

izLrkouk (Introduction) uksV

cgqyoknh izHkqlÙkk osQ ,dRooknh fl¼kar osQ lcls cM+s fojks/h gSaA ,dRookfn;ksa osQ erkuqlkj izHkqlÙkk iw.kZ
fuf'pr] fujaoqQ'k] vlhfer] vfoHkkT;] loZO;kih rFkk vioftZrrk gSA ,dRookfn;ksa osQ erkuqlkj ;g jkT; osQ
ikl gksrh gS vkSj ;g leLr jktuhfrd lÙkk dk lzksr gSA jkT; osQ vanj jgus okys lHkh O;fDr rFkk leqnk; jkT;
osQ v/hu gksrs gSaA O;fDr;ksa rFkk leqnk;ksa dk ije drZO; jkT; dh vkKkvksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk gSA jkT; gh
O+kQkuwu dk lzksr gS] lHkh O+kQkuwu mlh osQ }kjk cuk, tkrs gSaA turk dks jkT; osQ fo#¼ dksbZ vf/dkj ugha gksrk
gSA og mUgha vf/dkjksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa ftudh LohÑfr O+kQkuwu nsrk gSA jkT; dh loksZPprk rFkk jkT; osQ
,dkf/dkj dk gh jktuhfrd ,dRookn (Political Monism) dgk tkrk gSA izHkqlÙkk osQ bl ,dRookn osQ
fo#¼ izfrfØ;k osQ :i esa cgqleqnk;okn mRiUu gqvkA

5-1 cgqyokn (Pluralism)

cgqyokn osQ vuqlkj izHkqlÙkk jkT; osQ ikl u gksdj jkT; rFkk vusd leqnk;ksa esa caVh gqbZ gSA ;g osQoy jkT;
dh lEifÙk ugha gSA muosQ erkuqlkj jkT; loksZPp laLFkk u gksdj vU; leqnk;ksa osQ leku gh gSa euq"; viuh
vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, vusd izdkj osQ lkekftd] jktuhfrd] /kfeZd] lkaLÑfrd rFkk vkfFkZd leqnk;ksa
dh LFkkiuk djrk gSA jkT; Hkh euq"; dh jktuhfrd vko';drkvksa dk fodkl djus osQ fy, ,d leqnk; gSA
vr% izHkqlÙkk jkT; osQ ikl u gksdj leqnk;ksa esa c¡Vh gqbZ gSA jkT; us u rks bu leqnk;ksa dks lekIr djus dk
vf/dkj j[krk gSA izks- gfl;ks (Hasiao) osQ vuqlkj] ¶cgqyoknh jkT; og jkT; gS tgk¡ loZ'kfDreku~ lÙkk dk
lzksr u rks ,d gksrk gS] u rks lÙkk osQfUnzr gksrh gS vkSj u gh O+kQkuwu dh dksbZ ,drkc¼ O;oLFkk ;k iz.kkyh gksrh
gS rFkk tgk¡ jktuhfrd bPNk dh lkekU;rk ij cy ugha fn;k tkrkA blesa izHkqlÙkk esa fofo/rk gksrh gS rFkk ;g
fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gks ldrh gS ;k foHkkftr gksuh pkfg,A¸ xSVy (Gettell) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶cgqyoknh

jkT; dks egÙo ugha nsrs] izHkqlÙkk dh ,drk osQ fl¼kar dk fojks/ djrs gSa rFkk lkekftd fu;a=k.k esa vU;
laLFkkvksa osQ fy, ,d cM+s fgLls dh ek¡x djrs gSaA¸
cgqyoknh jkT; dks lekIr ugha djuk pkgrs osQoy bls izHkqrkghu cuk nsuk pkgrs gSaA ykWLdh osQ erkuqlkj] ¶;fn
izHkqRo dh dYiuk dks R;kx fn;k tk, rks jkT; foKku osQ fy, LFkkbZ :i ls mi;ksxh fl¼ gks tk,xkA¸

fl¼kar dk fodkl% cgqyokn dk fodkl ;|fi 19oha 'krkCnh osQ var rFkk 20oha 'krkCnh osQ vkjaHk esa gqvk
gSa ijUrq fiQj Hkh bl fl¼kar osQ fpÉksa dh ryk'k eè;dky esa dh tk ldrh gSA eè; ;qx esa ;wjksi esa jkT; cgqr
fucZy Fkk vkSj lekt esa ppZ] O;kolkf;d la?k (Vocational Association) vkSj Jsf.k;ksa (Guilds) dk cgqr
egÙo Fkk vkSj bu fofHkUu leqnk;ksa dks dkiQh Lora=krk izkIr FkhA ijUrq 16oha rFkk 17oha 'krkCnh esa jk"Vªh; jkT;ksa
dk mn; gqvk ftlls jkT; cgqr 'kfDr'kkyh cu x, vkSj fofHkUu leqnk;ksa dks Lora=krk izkIr gks xbZA fujaoqQ'k
jktkvksa dh 'kfDr;k¡ rks de gks xb± ij os 'kfDr;k¡ eaf=keaMy osQ ikl pyh xb±A jkT; mlh rjg loZ'kfDr'kkyh
jgkA dY;k.kdkjh jkT; osQ mn; gksus ls jkT; osQ dk;Z vkSj c<+ x, ftlls jkT; osQ {ks=k dk foLrkj gks x;k vkSj
leqnk;ksa dk egÙo fcYoqQy lekIr gks x;kA jkT; osQ loZ'kfDreku gksus osQ fo#¼ izfrfØ;k osQ :i esa

cgqleqnk;okn dk tUe gqvkA

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