Page 111 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV ruko dh deh dk vFkZ lqj{kk osQ vUrjkZ"Vªh;dj.k esa fdlh izdkj dh <hy ugha gS vkSj u gh ;g fofHkUu jk"Vªksa
}kjk viuh izHkqlÙkk dk nqckjk ls nkok djuk gSA 1945 osQ ckn dk vUrjkZ"Vªh; <k¡pk nks rRoksa ij vk/kfjr Fkk%
vUrjkZ"Vªh; lqj{kk O;oLFkk rFkk laxfBr fo'o&vFkZO;oLFkkA pkgs lksfo;r ;wfu;u dk fo?kVu gks x;k gS ijUrq
:l vHkh Hkh ,d egÙoiw.kZ 'kfDr gS ftlosQ ikl ijek.kq vL=kksa vkSj lSfud lktks&lkeku dk cgqr cM+k HkaMkj
gSA ruko 'kSfFkY; dh liQyrk vejhdk vkSj ,f'k;k nksuksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ij fuHkZj djrh gSA nksuksa
egk'kfDr;ksa }kjk vius&vius xqVksa osQ ns'kksa ij viuk izHkko iwjh rjg u te ikus osQ dkj.k bUgsa vkil esa lkFk
feydj dke djus osQ fy, etcwj dj fn;k gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij gkssus okys {ks=kh; >xM+ksa dks fu;af=kr djus
vkSj la;qDr jk"Vª&la?k dks v'kDr djus esa vejhdk&:l dk xBtksM+ dkiQh dkjxj fl¼ gks jgk gSA

3- izHkqlÙkk rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk dk oS'ohdj.k (Sovereignty and Globalisation of Economy)

egk'kfDr xqV rFkk lSfud laf/;k¡ vUrjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr dk ,d i{k gSA lSfud lfU/;ksa ds fuekZ.k dks vk£Fkd
lg;ksx ls iDdk fd;k tkuk bldk nwljk i{k FkkA blds fy;s nksuksa egk'kfDr;ksa us dbZ vUrjkZ"Vªh; vk£Fkd laxBu
LFkkfir fd;s] tSls vVykfUVd vk£Fkd leqnk; (Atalantic Economic Community)] vk£Fkd lg;ksx
laxBu (Organization of Economic Cooperation)] vk£Fkd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu (Organiza-
tion of Economic Cooperation and Development)] ,f'k;u fodkl cSad (Asian Development
Bank)A blds vfrfjDr dqN vU; vUrjkZ"Vªh; laxBu tSls fo'o cSad] vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k vkfn Hkh blh ;qx
dh nsu FksA ;s lHkh vk£Fkd laxBu fo'o iwathokn dk ,d fHkUu vax FksA bUgksaus fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk esa viuh
lkefjd Hkwfedk gh ugha fuHkkbZ cfYd vk/qfud jk"Vª&jkT;ksa dh izHkqlÙkk ds lUnHkZ esa Hkh dbZ rjg dh nqfo/k;sa
iSnk dhA

lSfud xqVksa us tgka jk"Vª&jkT;ksa dh fons'kh Lora=krk dks vR;f/d izHkkfor fd;k] ogk¡ iwathokn esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj
ij gksus okys ifjorZuksa ds dkj.k vkt ;s ns'k jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds izca/ esa Hkh viuh Lora=krk [kksus ds nkSj
ls xqtj jgs gSaA lapkj vkSj ifjogu esa gq;s ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZuksa us vkt fo'o dks vR;f/d NksVk dj fn;k gSA
mUuhloha 'krkCnh O;kikj ds vUrjkZ"Vªh;dj.k dh 'krkCnh Fkh] chloha 'krkCnh ds igys pj.k esa eqnzk dk
vUrjkZ"Vªh;dj.k gqvk vkSj fiNys dqN lkyksa esa mRiknu vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ds vUrjkZ"Vªh;dj.k us fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk
dks ,d lw=k esa cka/ fn;k gSA vkt izR;sd ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ml fo'o okrkoj.k esa dke dj jgh gS ftl
ij fdlh jk"Vª dk fu;a=k.k ugha gS ijUrq tks mlds uhfr&fuekZ.k vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks vR;f/d izHkkfor djrk
gSA 1970 ds ckn vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je foHkktu] ftldh izeq[k izfrfuf/ cgq&jk"Vªh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; dEifu;ka gSa] ds
dkj.k vkt jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk iru gksrk tk jgk gSA cgqr ls vk£Fkd vkSj O;kikfjd fu.kZ; jk"Vª&jkT;ksa ds
gkFkksa ls fudyrs tk jgs gSaA ;gh vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; vkSj cSafdax laLFkkvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSS tks
fodkl'khy vkSj fiNM+s ns'kksa ij vk£Fkd ncko Mky jgh gSaA fiNys n'kd ls izpfyr ^vFkZO;oLFkk ds mnkjhdj.k
vkSj futhdj.k* (Liberalization and Privatization of Economy) dh /kj.kk bUgha cgq&jk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa
vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkkvksa dh nsu gSA ;g /kj.kk vejhdk] ;wjksi vkSj tkiku esa 'kq: gqbZ vkSj vc
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa Hkh iSQyrh tk jgh gSA
bu u;s ifjorZuksa us jk"Vª&jkT;ksa dh izHkqlÙkk dks izfrdwy :i ls izHkkfor fd;k gSA vkt ;wa rks vkSipkfjd :i

ls dj yxkuk] vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr] i¡wthfuos'k] fofue; njsa] lhek'kqYd vf/fu;e vkfn ij izR;sd jk"Vª viuh
ethZ ls fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/dkj j[krk gSA ijUrq bl 'kfDr dk dSls] dgk¡ vkSj fdl lhek rd iz;ksx fd;k
tk;sxk] ;g ml jkT; dh lkSnsckth dh 'kfDr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bl lUnHkZ esa fiNys dqN o"kks± esa fiNM+s vkSj

106 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY