Page 110 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—4: izHkqlÙkk

mudh 'kklu O;oLFkk izHkko'kkyh ugha Fkh] blosQ ckotwn fdlh Hkh Lora=k ns'k ij dksbZ fons'kh 'kfDr 'kklu ugha uksV
dj ldrh FkhA rFkkfi] ;q¼ osQ ckn tgk¡ mifuos'kokn fojks/h ygj us dbZ ns'kksa dks Lora=k cukdj izHkqlÙkk/kjh
cuk;k] ogk¡ vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij vejhdk vkSj lksfo;r ;wfu;u nks egk'kfDr;ksa osQ :i esa mHkjs vkSj mUgksaus lalkj
osQ lHkh ns'kksa dh izHkqlÙkk dks izHkkfor djus osQ fy, ubZ j.kuhfr;ksa dh jpuk dhA

2- izHkqlÙkk rFkk lSfud xqVcanh (Sovereignty and Power Blocs)

f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn vUrjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ ifj.kke FkkµbaXyS.M vkSj izQkal dk egklkezkT;oknh
'kfDr;ksa osQ :i esa iru rFkk vejhdk vkSj lksfo;r ;wfu;u dk egk'kfDr;ksa osQ :i esa mn;A blesa tgk¡ vejhdk
rFkk if'peh ;wjksi mnkjoknh&iw¡thoknh ns'kksa osQ fgrksa dk izfrfuf/Ro dj jgs FksA ogk¡ lksfo;r ;wfu;u us
iwoZ&;wjksih; lkE;oknh ns'kksa rFkk phu esa mHkjs lektoknh&lkE;oknh jkT; dk usr`Ro laHkkykA vejhdk vkSj :l
osQ lEcU/ oSls rks :lh ØkfUr osQ ckn gh fcxM+ x;s Fks ijUrq f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn fo'o jktuhfr dk izHkqRo
tekus osQ fy, ;g erHksn viuh pje lhek ij igq¡p x;sA ifj.kkeLo:i] oqQN gh o"kks± esa bu nks egk'kfDr;ksa
osQ usr`Ro esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij lalkj osQ vf/drj ns'k nks xqVksa esa caVrs fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA egk'kfDr;ksa dh bl
izfrLi/kZ us 'khr ;q¼ (Cold war) dks tUe fn;k tks fd okLro esa bu nks ns'kksa }kjk lkjs lalkj dks nks xqVksa
esa ckaVus dh pky FkhA bu nksuksa xqVksa osQ jkT; lewgksa osQ chp dbZ rjg osQ lSfud le>kSrs gq, tSls ukVks (NATO)]
lhVks (SEATO)] lsUVks (CENTO)] okjlk iSDV (Warsaw Pact) vkfnA bu le>kSrksa us jk"Vª&jkT;ksa dh
izHkqlÙkk ij izfrowQy izHkko MkykA

bu egk'kfDr;ksa dh xqVckth us 'kkfUr osQ le; esa Hkh lSfud laxBu dks gh ugha c<+k;k cfYd jktuhfrd vkSj
iz'kklfud vU;ksU;kJ; dh ,d ,slh izfØ;k dks izksRlkgu fn;k ftlesa xqV osQ izR;sd jk"Vª osQ lSfud vkSj
vlSfud fgr vfUre rkSj ls egk'kfDr osQ fgr vkSj izkFkfedrkvksa osQ lkFk tqM+ x;sA fofHkUu jk"Vª&jkT;ksa ls fufeZr
izR;sd xqV dbZ rjg dh f}i{kh; vkSj cgqi{kh; laf/;ksa vkSj le>kSrksa dh tfVy izfØ;k ij vk/kfjr gS] tSls
lSfud vM~Mksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj lapkyu] lsukvksa dh fu;qfDr] la;qDr lSfud vH;kl] gfFk;kjksa dh [kjhnkjh]
ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dk mRiknu vkSj j[kj[kko vkfnA ;|fi ;s fofHkUu lfU/;k¡ vkSj le>kSrs fofHkUu izHkqlÙkk/kjh
jkT;ksa }kjk fd;s x, Fks rFkkfi bUgksaus egk'kfDr;ksa osQ xqV osQ vU; jk"Vªksa osQ vkarfjd ekeyksa esa n[ky dk vf/dkj
ns fn;kA ifj.kkeLo:i xqV osQ jk"Vªksa dh fons'k uhfr muosQ vius jk"Vªh; fgrksa ls dVdj egk'kfDr osQ fgrksa dk
Hkkx cu xbZA ijUrq bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd xqVksa osQ fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa iw.kZ lgefr FkhA ukVks laf/ osQ varxZr
lSfud gfFk;kjksa dh [kjhn vFkok lsukvksa osQ Bgjko (Stationing) dks ysdj rh[kh >M+isa gksrh jgrh FkhaA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] rhoz erHksnksa osQ dkj.k izQkal ukVksa dh lSfud laf/ ls vyx gks x;kA blh rjg okjlk laf/
osQ vUrxZr psdksLyksfo;k osQ lkFk erHksn gksus osQ dkj.k :l dks lSfud 'kfDr dk iz;ksx djosQ mls jkLrs ij
ykuk iM+kA la{ksi esa] ,d ckr cM+h Li"V Fkh fd xqVksa osQ fofHkUu jk"Vªksa us viuh izHkqlÙkk ij dbZ rjhosQ dh lhek,¡
yxk yhA vkilh erHksn osQ ckotwn izR;sd xqV dh lSfud vkSj lkefjd uhfr;k¡ ewyr% egk'kfDr;ksa osQ O;kid
fgrksa vkSj izkFkfedrkvksa ls gh izsfjr jghaA ;gk¡ rd fd xqV fujis{k ns'kksa dks Hkh viuh fons'kh uhfr;k¡ bu
egk'kfDr;ksa dh izfrLi/kZ osQ lanHkZ esa gh fuf'pr djuh iM+hA

ruko 'kSfFkY; rFkk 'kfDr xqVksa dk var (Detente and End of Power Blocs)
lksfo;r ;wfu;u rFkk lkE;oknh ns'kksa dk fo?kVu rFkk 'khr ;q¼ dh lekfIr us D;k xqVksa osQ iqjkus jk"Vª&jkT;ksa dks
vc iw.kZ izHkqlÙkk/kjh cuk fn;k gS\ oqQN ys[kdksa osQ vuqlkj] bl iz'u dk mÙkj vHkh Hkh u esa gh gS D;ksafd

izHkqlÙkk vkSj vkf/iR; esa lEcU/ dh ;g izfØ;k dkiQh tfVy FkhA egk'kfDr;ksa esa le>kSrs vkSj xqVksa osQ chp

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