Page 109 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV dk vf/drj mYya?ku fd;k x;k gSA fiNys 250 lkyksa esa baXySaM rFkk ;wjksi osQ dbZ ns'kksa us ,f'k;k] vizQhdk vkSj
vejhdh miegk}hi osQ dbZ fodkl'khy vkSj fiNM+s gq, ns'kksa dh izHkqlÙkk dk mYya?ku fd;k vkSj mUgsa vius
LokFkhZ fgrksa osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;kA blosQ fy, ftl i¼fr dks viuk;k x;k mls ge ^lkezkT;okn* dk uke nsrs
gSaA

'kCn ^lkezkT;okn* dk iz;ksx dbZ vFkks± esa fd;k tkrk gSA O;kid Lrj ij ;g jktuhfrd izHkqRo rFkk vkfFkZd
'kks"k.k dh fo'o O;oLFkk] fdlh jkT; dh j{kk vkSj izlkj] vFkok lkezkT;oknh egÙokdka{kk dks c<+kok nsus okyh
fopkj/kjk oqQN Hkh gks ldrk gSA jktuhfrd n`f"Vdks.k ls ;g ,d ,slh ,sfrgkfld izfØ;k Fkh tks baXySaM] ;wjksi]
vejhdk vkSj tkiku tSls vkS|ksfxd jkT;ksa }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ vkSj ftlls lalkj osQ lHkh fiNM+s gq, ns'kksa dks lh/h
fot; }kjk ;k lSfud laf/;ksa vFkok vkfFkZd nckoksa osQ ekè;e ls dPps eky osQ lzksr] e'khuh oLrqvksa osQ fy,
cktkj vkSj iawthfuos'k osQ fy, lk/u osQ :i esa iz;ksx fd;k x;kA bl lanHkZ esa lkezkT;okn dk ;g :i
mifuos'kokn osQ :i esa gekjs lkeus vk;k ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i chloha 'krkCnh osQ 'kq: esa lHkh fiNM+s ns'kksa dks
vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa us vkil esa ckaV fy;k FkkA vf/drj fiNM+s gq, ns'k lkezkT;oknh jkT;ksa osQ vax cu x;sA oqQN
vU; ns'k tks lh/s mifuos'kh 'kklu osQ v/hu ugha vk;s] ogk¡ Hkh dksbZ ,sls 'kkld ugha Fks ftUgsa izHkqlÙkk/kjh
dgk tk ldrkA lkezkT;oknh ns'kksa us bu fiNM+s gq, ns'kksa dks vius v/hu j[kus osQ fy, dbZ rjhosQ viuk;sA buosQ
oqQN mnkgj.k gSaµ
(i) 1876 esa bftIV osQ ½.k vkSj 1885 esa dksaxks jkT; dks izcfU/r djus osQ fy, vUrjkZ"Vªh; 'kkluksa dh
LFkkiuk

(ii) vizQhdk esa ^lqjf{kr jkT; O;oLFkk* (Protectorate system) dh 'kq#vkr
(iii) lwMku esa ^lgjkT; O;oLFkk* (Condominiam system)
(iv) mÙkj&vizQhdk esa v/ZizHkqlÙkk/kjh jkT; (Semi-sovereign state system)

(v) 'kklukns'k rFkk vf/ns'k 'kklu (Mandate and Trusteeship)A
bu fofHkUu mik;ksa dk feyk&tqyk ifj.kke ;g Fkk fd fiNM+s gq, jkT;ksa us viuh izHkqlÙkk [kks nhA ;s jkT; vius
ukxfjdksa osQ fy, u rks viuh ethZ ls dkuwu cuk ldrs Fks vkSj u gh mUgsa ykxw dj ldrs FksA blh rjg nwljs
ns'kksa osQ lkFk laca/ cukus vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkuwu osQ vUrxZr lekurk osQ vf/dkj ls Hkh bUgsa oafpr dj fn;k
x;kA bu ns'kksa esa dkuwu fuekZ.k vkSj dk;kZUo;u dk dke lkezkT;oknh ns'kksa us vius v/hu ys fy;kA vkSj ;s
mifuos'k lkezkT; dk ,d vfHkUu vax cu x;sA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] fczfV'k mifuos'kokn osQ ifj.kkeLo:i tgk¡

Hkkjr dk cgqr cM+k Hkkx lh/s fczVsu osQ v/hu gks x;k] Hkkjr dh vU; fj;klrksa osQ fons'kh lEcU/ Hkh fofHkUu
lfU/;ksa }kjk muls Nhu fy, x;sA pkgs bu ns'kh fj;klrksa dks vius vkarfjd ekeyksa esa Lok;Ùkrk izkIr Fkh] fiQj
Hkh vUrrksxRok o fczVsu osQ fu;a=k.k esa Fkha vkSj izHkqlÙkk/kjh ugha FkhaA
blh rjg 1901 esa vejhdk vkSj D;wck osQ chp gokuk laf/ ls D;wck dh Lora=krk rFkk mlosQ ukxfjdksa osQ thou
rFkk lEifÙk dh lqj{kk osQ fy, vejhdk dks gLr{ksi djus dk iwjk vf/dkj fey x;kA bl laf/ us vko';drk
iM+us ij] D;wck ljdkj dks vius gkFk esa ysus vkSj mldh izHkqlÙkk lekIr djus dk iwjk vf/dkj vejhdk dks
ns fn;kA
f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn dbZ mifuos'kksa dks jktuhfrd Lora=krk izkIr gks xbZ vkSj lS¼kfUrd :i ls ;s lHkh ns'k
viuh&viuh lhekvksa esa izHkqlÙkk/kjh ?kksf"kr dj fn, x;s] gkykafd muesa ls dbZ izHkko'kkyh <ax ls 'kklu djus
osQ ;ksX; Hkh ugha FksA ,slk blfy, gqvk D;ksafd (i) Lora=krk cgqr ls ns'kksa dks ,d lkFk feyh rFkk (ii) pkgs

104 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY