Page 117 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV 5-1-1 cgqyokn dh mRifÙk esa lgk;d rRo (Assisting Elements in Origin of
Pluralism)

cgqyokn dh mRifÙk esa fuEufyf[kr rÙoksa us lgk;rk dh gSµ
1- O;fDrokfn;ksa dk ;ksxnku% O;fDrokfn;ksa us jkT; dh 'kfDr;ksa dks de djus ij ”kksj fn;k vkSj mUgksaus
O;fDr dks vf/d ls vf/d Lora=krk nsus dk fopkj fd;kA ts-,l- fey] gjcVZ LisUlj rFkk ek.VsLD;w
(Montesquieu) vkfn fopkjdksa us jkT; esa 'kfDr osQ osQUnzh;dj.k dk fojks/ fd;k rFkk O;fDrxr Lora=krk
ij cy fn;kA cgqyokfn;ksa us Hkh jkT; dh izHkqlÙkk dks de djus ij ”kksj fn;k ijUrq O;fDrokfn;ksa us tgk¡ O;fDr
dh Lora=krk ij ”kksj fn;k ogk¡ ij cgqyokfn;ksa us leqnk;ksa dh Lora=krk ij ”kksj fn;kA
2- eè;dkyhu Js.khoknh fopkjdksa dk izHkko% 19oha 'krkCnh osQ vUr esa fxjosQ (Gierke)] esVySaM
(Maitland)] fiQfxl (Figgis) bR;kfn ys[kdksa us bl ckr ij ”kksj fn;k fd tc eè; ;qx esa ppZ rFkk vU;
Jsf.k;ksa (Guilds) dks Lora=krk izkIr Fkh rks orZeku ;qx esa Hkh leqnk;ksa dks Lora=krk feyuh pkfg,A
3- jkT; dh v;ksX;rk% vk/qfud jkT; dh v;ksX;rk Hkh cgqyokn osQ fodkl dk dkj.k gSA vk/qfud ;qx esa
jkT; dk dk;Z{ks=k cgqr c<+ x;k gS vkSj c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA ijUrq O;ogkj esa jkT; osQ dk;Z{ks=k c<+ tkus ls jkT;
dh v;ksX;rk fl¼ gksrh gSA izks- okMZ (Ward) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶blls osQUnz esa i{kikr ;k ykHk rFkk nwjorhZ fljksa
ij jDrghurk rFkk ik.Mq jksx gks tkrk gSA cgq&leqnk;oknh foosQfUnzr jkT; ls vk/qfud jkT; osQ nks"k dks nwj djuk
pkgrs gSaA¸
4- yksdra=k esa izknsf'kd izfrfuf/Ro dh O;oLFkk ls vlarks"k% 19oha 'krkCnh osQ vUr esa rFkk 20oha 'krkCnh

osQ vkjaHk esa yksdrkaf=kd izfrfuf/Ro dh iz.kkyh dks viuk;k x;k] ijUrq 'kh?kz gh bl iz.kkyh esa vlarks"k mRiUu
gks x;k vkSj Js.kh lektoknh rFkk la?koknh fopkjdksa }kjk blosQ LFkku ij ^O;kolkf;d ;k dk;kZRed
izfrfuf/Ro* (Function Representation) dh ek¡x dh FkhA O;kolkf;d izfrfuf/Ro osQ leFkZd leqnk;ksa
dks jkT; osQ leku gh egÙo nsuk pkgrs FksA vr% blls cgqyokn osQ fodkl esa dkiQh lgk;rk feyhA
5- vjktdrkokn% flUMhdfyTe rFkk Js.kh lektokn bR;kfn us jkT; dh 'kfDr dks de djus dk izpkj fd;k
ftlls cgqyokn dks cgqr lgk;rk feyhA

6- O+kQkuwu jkT; dk vkns'k ugha% dbZ fo}kuksa us tSls fd M~;wxh (Duguit) rFkk ozsQc (Krabbe) us bl ckr
dk izpkj fd;k fd O+kQkuwu jkT; dk vkns'k ugha gS] bu fo}kuksa osQ vuqlkj O+kQkuwu jkT; ls mQij rFkk Js"B gSA
jkT; dks Hkh O+kQkuwu osQ erkuqlkj dk;Z djuk pkfg,A jkT; dks gh O+kQkuwu cukus dk ,dkf/dkj izkIr ugha gSA bu
fo}kuksa osQ fopkjksa ls cgqyokn dks cgqr cy feykA
7- jkT; dk mís'; tufgr% jkT; dk mís'; turk dk dY;k.k djuk gS vkSj leqnk;ksa dk mís'; Hkh vius
lnL;ksa dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djuk gksrk gSA vr% jkT; rFkk vU; leqnk;ksa dk ikjLifjd lg;ksx gksuk
pkfg,A
8- vUrjkZ"Vªokn dk Øfed fodkl% vk/qfud ;qx esa dksbZ Hkh jkT; vkRe&fuHkZj ugha gSA vkt dk ;qx
vUrjkZ"Vªh;rk osQ bl ;qx esa jkT;ksa dh izHkqlÙkk dks lhfer djuk vko';d gSA izR;sd ns'k dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O+kQkuwuksa
dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A bl fopkj/kjk ls Hkh cgqyokn dks cy feyk gSA

cgqyokn osQ eq[; leFkZd rFkk cgqyokn dh O;k[;kµcgqyokn osQ eq[; leFkZd fxjosQ] fiQfxl] ckoZQj]
eSdkboj] th-Mh-,p- dksy] fyaMls] ozsQc] esVySaM] M~;wxh] rFkk ykLdh gSaA

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