Page 118 - DHIS204_DHIS205_INDIAN_FREEDOM_STRUGGLE_HINDI

Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke (1707&1947 bZ-)

uksV dk dke Fkk fdlkuksa esa ubZ psruk iSnk djuk vkSj fiQj ml psruk ij vk/kfjr tukanksyu dh l`f‘ djukA
;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa u osQoy flku vkanksyu dh ek¡xksa] cfYd la?k"kks± dk Lo:i Hkh dekscs'k
,d tSlk gh FkkA fdlkuksa esa tkxj.k ykus dk dke eq[;r% lHkkvksa] lEesyuksa] jSfy;ksa] in'kZuksa] lnL;rk vfHk;kuksa
rFkk fdlku lHkkvksa osQ xBu }kjk fd;k x;kA tgk¡ lh/h yM+kbZ gqbZ] ogk¡ lR;kxzg ;k lfou; voKk dk lgkjk
fy;k x;k vkSj yxku rFkk ekyxqtkjh u nsus dk vfHk;ku pyk;k x;kA ;g lc dbZ o"kks± ls jk‘ªh; vkanksyu
dk fgLlk cu pqdk FkkS jkԻh; vkanksyu dh rjg gh fdlku vkanksyu esa Hkh fgald la?k"kZ viokn gh Fks] ftu;
ughaA fgald la?k"kZ tgk¡ Hkh gq,] mUgsa usr`Ro dk leFkZu izkIr ugha Fkk vkSj vkerkSj ij ?kksj neu dh Lor%
LiwQfrZ izfrfØ;k esa gq,A
fdlku vkanksuy vkSj jk‘ªh; vkanksyu dk vVwV fj'rk dbZ n`f‘;ksa ls egÙoiw.kZ FkkA oLrq% dflku vkanksyu ogha
mHkj losQ] tgk¡ jk‘ªh; vkankssyu dh uhao Mkyh tk pqdh FkhA osQjy] iatkc] vka/z] mÙkj izns'k vkSj fcgkj blosQ
Li‘ mnkgj.k gSaA blesa dkbZ vk'p;Z dh ckr Hkh ugha Fkh] D;ksafd jk‘ªh; vkanksyu us gh og i`’Hkwfe rS;kj
dh ;kuh fdlkuksa esa jktuhfrd psruk dk izlkj rFkk muosQ laxBu ,oa usr`Ro dh ftEesnkjh laHkkyus osQ bPNqd
l{ke jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa dk mn;] ftlesa fdlku la?k"kz laHko gks ldkA fdlku vkanksyu dh fopkjèkkjk
Hkh jkԻh;rk ij vk/kfjr FkhA bloQ usrk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ oxZ&vk/kj ij fdlkuksa osQ laxBu dk lans'k gh ugha
iSQyk jgs Fks] cfYd jkԻh; Lora=krk osQ fy, la?k"kZ djus dh t:jr ij Hkh cy ns jgs Fks] tSlk fd igys
fy[kk tk pqdk gS] os fdlku lHkk osQ lkFk&lkFk dkaxkszl osQ Hkh lnL; cukrs FksA
;g lp gS fd oqQN bykdksa esa] tSls fcgkj esa dkaxszl vkSj fdlku lHkk osQ usr`Ro esa xaHkhj erHksn iSnk gks
x;k v;kS dHkh&dHkh rks ,slk Hkh yxk fd fdlku vkanksyu dkaxszl ls eqBHksM+ osQ jkLrs ij tkus okyk gS]
ysfdu ,slk ogha gqvk] tgk¡ okeiaFkh dk;ZdrkZ vkSj dkaxszl osQ nf{k.kiaFkh leFkZd viuh&viuh ftn ij vM+
x, vkSj ,d nwljs osQ lkFk pyus osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gq,A vkerkSj ij 1942 rd fdlku vkanksyu rFkk jkԻh;
vkanksyu lkFk&lkFk pyrs jgsA 1942 osQ ckn tc fdlku vkanksyu jkԻh; vkanksyu osQ jkLrs ls T;knk nwj pyk
x;k] rks u osQoy mldk tuk/kj detksj gqvk cfYd mlosQ usr`Ro esa Hkh iwQV iM+us yxhA bl rjg fdlku
vkanksyu dk mn; vkSj fodkl jkԻh; Lora=krk laxzke osQ lkFk vfofPNUu :i ls tqM+k jgkA
O;kikj la?k vkanksyu (Trade Union Movement)

;w¡ rks Hkkjr cgqr izkphu dky ls gh vkS|ksfxd ns'k Fkk vkSj ;wjksih; yksx Hkkjr ls rS;kj fd;k gqvk eky
gh ysus vk;s FksA ijUrq ;s m|ksx oqQVhj m|ksx gh FksA 18oha 'krkCnh osQ vfUre pj.kksa esa baXyS.M esa vkS|ksfxd
Økafr vkbZ vkSj blosQ i'pkr~ Hkkjrh; m|ksx&/a/s yqIrizk; gh gks x, vkSj Hkkjr osQoy dPpk eky mRiknu
djus okyk ns'k gh cu x;kA
ijUrq ;g LokHkkfod gh Fkk fd ;gka Hkh m|ksx&/a/s vkjEHk gksaA Hkkjr esa vk/qfud m|ksx&/a/ksa dh uhao 1850
vkSj 1870 osQ chp gh iM+hA 1853 esa ykMZ MygkSth osQ jsyos i=k osQ i'pkr~ Hkkjrh; lapkj lk/uksa esa e'khuksa
dk iz;ksx gksus yxkA jsy ykbuksa osQ fcNkus rFkk batu osQ fy, dks;yk fudkyus esa lgÏks Jfedksa dk iz;ksx
gksus yxkA ;gh Hkkjrh; Jfed oxZ dk vkjfEHkd dky FkkA blh jsyos m|ksx ls lEc¼ lgk;d m|ksxksa dk
fodkl vko';d FkkA blh izdkj dks;yk [kuu esa lgÏks Jfed dke djus yxsA
1854 esa cEcbZ esa izFke diM+k fey [kqyh vkSj mlh o"kZ dydÙkk esa izFke iVlu fey yxhA blh izdkj
pk; m|ksx esa Hkh cgqr ls Jfed dke djus yxs FksA diM+k m|ksx esa 1886 esa Jfedksa dh la[;k 74]000
Fkh tks 1905 esa 1]95]000 gks xbZA blh izdkj iVlu m|ksx esa] 1979&80 esa 27]494 Jfed dke djrs Fks
tks 1906 esa 154]962 gks x,] vkSj dks;yk [kkuksa esa 1904 esa 75]749 Jfed yxs FksA
Hkkjrh; Jfed oxZ dks de etnwjh] yEcs dk;Z osQ ?kaVs] feyksa esa vLoLFk okrkoj.k] ckydksa ls dke ysuk]

112 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY