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9 wJh Bz{ w/om d/ pkrh f;gkjhnK Bz{ id'A bzphnK bzphnK ;IktK ;[DkJhnK rJhnK sK 10 wJh Bz{ w/om dh BØN
;?Bk B/ ftdo'j eo fd~sk .UjBK B/ i/b s'V fd~sh, pzdh f;gkjhnK Bz{ ;[szso eo fd~sk ns/ fco w/om ft~u
fjz;kswe ekotkJh eo e/ 11 wJh Bz{ pbtJh fd~bh ub/ rJ/.UjBK B/ fd~bh fi~s bJh ns/ pjkd[oPkj Bz{
;wokN x'fPs eo fd~sk.fJ; ;w/A s~e fd~bh, bybT{, ekBg[o, fJbkkpkd,MK;h, po/bh, Bhwu, pBko; ,
p[zd/byzv, rtkfbno, nkok ns/ w~X Gkos ftdo'j d/ e/Ado pD rJ/.ekBg[o ft~u BkBk ;kfjp B/ nkgD/
nkg Bz{ g/Ptk x'fPs eo e/ nzro/iK fto[ZX :[ZX S/V fd~sk.byBT{ ft~u j/Boh bko/A; dh w"s j' rJh.j/tbke
byBT{ nkfJnk, fco i/w; nkTNqw nkfJnkL iBob Bhb B/ ftdo'jhnK dk dwB ehsk, gqzs{ T[;dh w"s
j' rJh.;o e?Agp?b i' gqXkB ;/Bkgsh ;h, B/ byBT{ d[pkok fi~fsnk.iBob n?bftb;B, fBe'b;B, B/ftb
u/Apob/B B/ fco fd~bh fi~shL pjkd[oPkj pzdh pDk e/ ozr{B G/i fd~sk frnk.b?cNhBA?aN jv;B B/ w[rb
PfjIkfdnK dk ykswk eo fd~sk.e?Agp?b B/ sKfsnk N'g/ ns/ ftdo'jhnK Bz{ ekbgh ft~u jokfJnk. ;o fjT{
o'I B/ MK;h dh okDh Bz{ jokfJnk. ;o fjT{ B/ fco ekbgh ns/ rtkfbno th fi~s/. MK;h dh okDh bVd/
bVd/ wo rJh. sKfsnk N'g/ geV e/ cK;h s/ bNek fd`sk frnk. BkBk ;kfjp G~i e/ B/gkb ub/ rJ/.
fJ; sok nzro/iK B/ @;[szsosk d/ dhtkfBnK@ dk g{oh soK ykswk eo e/ Gkos Bz{ fco s'A nkgD/ fPezi/
ft~u ieV fbnk.
Bshi/^eqKsh s'A pknd fJzrb?Av gkobhnkw?AN B/ ekBz{B gk; ehsk, fi; d/ d[nkok (1) ezgBh dk Gkos ft~u Pk;B
Bshi/^
Bshi/^
Bshi/^
Bshi/^
ysw eo fd~sk frnk. (2) Gft~y ft~u Pk;B gqpzX wjkokDh fteN'ohnk d/ BK Bkb fJzrb?Av dh gkobhnkw?AN
d/ j~E ft~u ubk frnk. (3) Gkos d/ bJh fJzrb?Av ft~u fJ~e ;?eo/Noh Uc ;N/N dh fB:[esh j'Jh. (4)
15 w?ApoK dh fJ~e e"Af;b fB:[es ehsh rJh. (5) Gkos dh ;zg{oD ib, Eb ;/Bk T[Zs/ fJzrb?Av dk nfXeko
x'fPs eo fd~sk frnk. (6) Btzpo 1858 ft~u fJbkjkpkd d/ dopko ft~u bkov e?fBzr B/ wjkokDh
fteN'ohnk dh x'PDk ;[DkJh, fi; ft~u Gkostk;hnK Bz{ UjBK d/ Xow, gqEk ns/ ftPtk;K ft~u j;sy/g
Bk eoD dk nkPtk;B fd~sk frnk. r'd b?D dk nfXeko fd~sk frnk. ;koh ;zXhnK dk gkbD eo e/ Gft~y
ft~u ;kwoki Bk tXkUD dk th tuB fd~sk frnk.

13H2 nkIkdh s'A gfjbK dk Gkos
13H2 nkIkdh s'A gfjbK dk Gkos
13H2 nkIkdh s'A gfjbK dk Gkos
13H2 nkIkdh s'A gfjbK dk Gkos
13H2 nkIkdh s'A gfjbK dk Gkos (India Before Independence)
1857 dh wjkB okPNoh eqKsh s'A pknd Gkos ft~u okPNohnsk dh GktBk pj[s s/I j' rJh. Gkostk;h
nkg;h G/dGkt G[bk e/ fJ~e i[N j' rJ/.ns/ UjBK B/ nzro/iK Bkb ;zxoP eo e/ d/P Bz{ ;[szso eotKUD
dk fBPuk eo fbnk.Gkos ft~u okPNoh ikroD ns/ ;[szsosk nzd'bB s/I j[zdk frnk. gfjb/ ftPt :[ZX
ft~u Gkos B/ ;toki dh wzr ehsh, gqzs{ nzro/iK dh dwB Bhsh Bkb Gkos Bz{ e[M gqkgs BjhA j'fJnk.
d{i/ ftPt :[ZX d/ d"okB Gkos ft~u okPNoh nzd'bB d/P d/ e'B/ e'B/ ft~u c?b frnk. Gkos ft~u nzro/iK
d/ fybkc *Gkos S~v'* dk Bkok p[bzd j' frnk.d{i/ ftPt :[ZX ft~u nzro/iK dh ;fEsh j'o th yokp
j' rJh. UjBK B/ ;wM fbnk fe Gkos Bz{ fInkdk ;w/A s~e r[bkw oyDk n;zGt ;h.

Gkos d/ iB ihtB ft~u T[; ;w/A s~e uko/ gk;/ n;zs'P c?b frnk ;h. Gkos ft~u Xkofwe g[Bo ikroD dh
bfjo nk rJh ;h.g~Swh f;~fynk d/ ekoD Gkostk;h ;tkXhBsk ns/ ;[szsosk dk wj~st ;wMD b~r/
;B.;wkuko g~soK ns/ ssekbhB ;kfjs B/ okPNohnsk dhnK GktBktK Bz{ j'o th T[iZtb ehsk. nzro/iK dh
nkofEe P'PD dh Bhsh d/ fto[X Gkosh fJ~ei[~N j' e/ nzro/iK d/ d[PwD pD rJ/.:ksk:ks d/ ;kXBK ns/ nkX[fBe
nzsookPNoh ftukoK B/ Gkos d/ wkBf;e ;so Bz{ ftdo'jh pDk fd~sk. nzro/iK d/ fybkc fjz;k ikfrqs j' rJh
ns/ fJ~e gqeko Bkb Gkos ft~u nzro/iK d/ fto[~X :[~X dh ;fEsh nk rJh.rKXh ih dh nrtkJh ft~u Gkos
dk okPNoh nzd'bb ubdk fojk ns/ J/Bk s/I j' frnk fe nzs ft~u nzro/iK B/ Gkos S~vD ftu jh nkgDh e[Pbsk
;wMh.

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